Understanding self

Socrates

Philosopher known for saying 'Know yourself.'

Plato's 3-part soul

Comprises Reason (brain), Appetite (desires), and Spirit (emotions).

Aristotle's view of self

Self is composed of Matter (body) and Form (soul).

Stoicism

Philosophy advocating acceptance of hardships without depending on pleasure.

Hedonism

Pursuit of maximum pleasure and avoidance of pain, summarized as 'YOLO'.

Epicureanism

Philosophy suggesting true happiness comes from a simple life.

St. Augustine's view on self

Self seeks union with God.

Descartes

Philosopher known for 'I think, therefore I am.'

David Hume

Philosopher who believed there is no permanent self, only changing perceptions.

John Locke's definition of self

Self consists of memory and consciousness.

Immanuel Kant's view

Self acts as the organizer of experiences.

Gilbert Ryle

Defined self as behavior; how others perceive you is based on your actions.

Churchlands' definition of self

Self is purely brain activity.

Husserl

Philosopher who saw self as the unity of body and mind.

Cooley's Looking Glass Self

We see ourselves as we think others see us.

Mead's 'Me' and 'I'

'Me' is the social self; 'I' is the active self.

Johari Window

A tool to explore known and unknown aspects of self.

Freud's levels of mind

Includes Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious.

Id

Freudian term for the part of the self that seeks immediate pleasure.

Superego

Freudian term for the part of self that represents moral standards.

Ego

Freudian mediator between desires of the Id and restrictions of the Superego.

Defense Mechanisms

Psychological strategies used to cope with reality and maintain self-image.

Imaginary Audience

Social phenomenon where teens feel they are constantly being watched.

Self-Concept

Your perception of yourself, including looks and traits.

Self-Esteem

How much value you assign to yourself.

Carl Rogers's theory

States that match between ideal self and real self leads to happiness.

Buddhism's view on self

Teaches self is the cause of suffering due to attachments.

Karma in Hinduism

Belief that your actions determine your next life.

Confucianism

Philosophy emphasizing respect for family and harmony.

Plato’s Soul Mnemonic

RAS (Reason–Appetite–Spirit).

Freud’s Self Mnemonic

ISE (Id–Superego–Ego).

Defense Mechanisms Mnemonic

RPDRS: Repression, Projection, Displacement, Regression, Sublimation.

Modern Thinkers Mnemonic

DHLK: Descartes, Hume, Locke, Kant.