Diuretics
Any substance that promotes diuresis
Endocrinology
Study of hormones
Exocrine
Glands that have ducts that secrete substances to external environment/organs
Gland
Organ that makes one or more substances
Endocrine system in the brain
Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal
Hypothalamus
Regulates hormones
Pituitary
Master gland and controls other glands, has 2 parts: posterior and anterior
Pineal
Sleep-wake cycle
Hormones
Chemical messenger
Posterior
Back, stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus
Anterior
Front, secretes own hormones
Hormones in posterior
ADH and oxytocin
ADH
Anti-diuretic hormone
Oxytocin
Uterus and mammary glands, milk let-down (makes still produce)
Hormones in Anterior
TSH, ACTH, GH, Prolactin
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
Produce T3 and T4 (most are produced in thyroid but can be produced in anterior
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone, adds more cortisol
GH
Growth hormone, promotes growth and development during childhood/adolescence
Prolactin
Mammary glands, stimulates milk production (anterior)
Hormones in pineal
Melatonin
Melatonin
Regulates sleep-wake cycle
Thyroid gland
Butterfly shaped, regulates body metabolism and storage of calcium (near neck)
Hormones in thyroid
Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin
Thyroxine
Converted into T3
Triiodothyronine
Active form of T4
Calcitonin
Decreases calcium levels (to prevent hypercalcemia)
Hypercalcemia
Calcium levels are too high
Adrenal gland
Located near kidneys, composed of adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
Hormones in Adrenal cortex
Cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones
Cortisol
Stress hormone (up in glucose) (is a corticosteroid)
Aldosterone
Regulates salt and water baldness (reabsorption in kidneys)
Sex hormones
Growth in primary and secondary organs (estrogen and androgen)
Hormones in Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Increases heart rate and mental alertness (corticosteroid)
Norepinephrine
Raises blood pressure and blood sugar (corticosteroid)
Pancreas
Regulates blood sugar levels
Hormones in pancreas
Insulin and glucagon
Insulin
Reduces blood sugar
Glucagon
Increases blood sugar
Feedback mechanism
Product feeds back to control its own production, has 2 types: positive and negative
Positive feedback mechanism
Amplify secretion
Negative
Maintain hormone levels
Disease discusses
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus definition
Chronic medical condition, elevated blood level; has 2 types: Type 1 and type 2
Type 1 diabetes
Can't produce insulin
Type 2 diabetes
Most common, body grows resistance to insulin
BIOMIND
Dr. Mark Anthony Sandoval