ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Diuretics

Any substance that promotes diuresis

Endocrinology

Study of hormones

Exocrine

Glands that have ducts that secrete substances to external environment/organs

Gland

Organ that makes one or more substances

Endocrine system in the brain

Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal

Hypothalamus

Regulates hormones

Pituitary

Master gland and controls other glands, has 2 parts: posterior and anterior

Pineal

Sleep-wake cycle

Hormones

Chemical messenger

Posterior

Back, stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus

Anterior

Front, secretes own hormones

Hormones in posterior

ADH and oxytocin

ADH

Anti-diuretic hormone

Oxytocin

Uterus and mammary glands, milk let-down (makes still produce)

Hormones in Anterior

TSH, ACTH, GH, Prolactin

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Produce T3 and T4 (most are produced in thyroid but can be produced in anterior

ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone, adds more cortisol

GH

Growth hormone, promotes growth and development during childhood/adolescence

Prolactin

Mammary glands, stimulates milk production (anterior)

Hormones in pineal

Melatonin

Melatonin

Regulates sleep-wake cycle

Thyroid gland

Butterfly shaped, regulates body metabolism and storage of calcium (near neck)

Hormones in thyroid

Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin

Thyroxine

Converted into T3

Triiodothyronine

Active form of T4

Calcitonin

Decreases calcium levels (to prevent hypercalcemia)

Hypercalcemia

Calcium levels are too high

Adrenal gland

Located near kidneys, composed of adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

Hormones in Adrenal cortex

Cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones

Cortisol

Stress hormone (up in glucose) (is a corticosteroid)

Aldosterone

Regulates salt and water baldness (reabsorption in kidneys)

Sex hormones

Growth in primary and secondary organs (estrogen and androgen)

Hormones in Adrenal Medulla

Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Increases heart rate and mental alertness (corticosteroid)

Norepinephrine

Raises blood pressure and blood sugar (corticosteroid)

Pancreas

Regulates blood sugar levels

Hormones in pancreas

Insulin and glucagon

Insulin

Reduces blood sugar

Glucagon

Increases blood sugar

Feedback mechanism

Product feeds back to control its own production, has 2 types: positive and negative

Positive feedback mechanism

Amplify secretion

Negative

Maintain hormone levels

Disease discusses

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus definition

Chronic medical condition, elevated blood level; has 2 types: Type 1 and type 2

Type 1 diabetes

Can't produce insulin

Type 2 diabetes

Most common, body grows resistance to insulin

BIOMIND

Dr. Mark Anthony Sandoval