Surv reviewer M:1

Geomatics

The science concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval and display of SPATIAL INFORMATION

Surveying

“The art and science of determining angular and linear measurements to establish the form, extent, and relative position of points, lines, and areas on or near the surface of the earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and techniques

EGYPT (2780 BC

Side of the pyramid align with the true meridian and with nearly perfect square base

Harpedonapata

Ancient Egyptian Surveyors

Babylon (4000 BC)

Tax maps and land ownership; Clay tablets contain records of lands (measurements of lands, signature of the surveyor); Sexagesimal system is in use (DMS

Eratosthenes (276 BC-194 BC

FATHER OF GEOGRAPHY Estimated the circumference of the Earth at around 39,690 km (with less than 2% error)

1400 - 1700: Major developments

telescope design and construction, measurement of magnetic declination, measurement of time, standardization of units of measurement, determination of longitude, surveying instruments and reference books written on surveying methods.

Romans (150 BC)

School of Surveying was established to teach town planning, map making and building of roads/aqueducts “What can be mapped could be ruled

1900

The military requirements of World Wars I & II provided the motivation for vast improvements in the design of surveying equipment and execution of surveying operations

USES OF SURVEYS

● Establishment of boundaries of land

● Fixing of national and state boundaries

● Charting of coastlines and navigable streams and lakes

● Precise location of definite reference points throughout the country

● Collection of valuable facts concerning the earth’s magnetism at widely scattered stations throughout the country

RELEVANCE TO ARCHITECTURE

● Location of the design features on site with precision and within accurate boundaries. Conformity between the structure’s design and the terrain.

● Design of buildings with consideration of the existing context of the site.

● Important programmatic considerations such as: building and zoning codes; requirements for easements, right-of-way, drainage, utilities, access to public transportation; wind and sunlight; landscape requirements; handicap accessibility; other constraints

Plane Surveying

the mean surface of the earth is considered as a plane, or in which its spheroidal shape is neglected

Geodetic Surveying

takes into account the true shape of the earth

Control Survey

consists of establishment of the horizontal and vertical positions of arbitrary points

Property Survey

performed to determine the length and direction of lot lines and to establish the position of these lines on the ground

Topographical Survey

made to secure data from which may be made a topographic map indicating the configuration of the terrain and the location of natural and human-made objects

Hydrographic Survey

refers to surveys of bodies of water for the purposes of navigation, water supply, or subaqueous construction.

Mine Survey

utilizes the principles for land, geologic and topographic surveying to control, locate and map underground and surface works related to mining operations.

Route Survey

refers to those control, topographic and construction surveys necessary for the location and construction of lines of transportation or communication, such as highways, railroads, canals, transmission lines and pipelines.

Construction Survey

performed to lay out, locate and monitor public and private engineering works.

Photogrammetric Survey