physical properties & changes of matter

physical properties

characteristics you can observe without changing what a substance is

true or false: a substance can change state but stay the same substance

true

do intensive properties depend on amount

no

2 examples of intensive properties

density and boiling point

do extensive properties depend on amount

yes

2 examples of extensive properties

mass and volume

what is the specific number of molecules called

mass

what is the amount of space taken up by mass called

volume

what is the ratio of mass to volume called

density

what is density dependent on

the structure of the substance

what will happen to denser substances

they will sink

what will happen to less denser substances

they will float

what can be used to identify a substance

density

4 phases in which matter exists

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

above _______ _____ molecules are in constant motion

absolute zero

what is the theory that states that molecular motion changes as heat is added or removed

kinetic molecular theory

what happens as the temperature of a substance increases

the intermolecular forces that hold molecules together are broken and the molecules move away from each other

structure of solids

molecules are tightly packed and only vibrate in one place

structure of liquids

molecules are less organized and can vibrate and move past each other

structure of gases

molecules move very fast and are spread far apart

what 2 conditions does the phase of a substance depend on

temperature and pressure

what does increasing temperature do to particles of matter

move them apart

what does increasing pressure do to particles of matter

pack them closer together

describe volume and shape in solid matter

definite volume and shape

describe volume and shape in liquid matter

definite volume and no definite shape

describe volume and shape in gas

no definite volume and shape

what happens to molecules when there is a change from solid to liquid

it becomes more energized

what is required to change from solid to liquid and liquid to gas

an addition of heat

2 examples of a liquid changing to gas

boiling and evaporation

what is required to change gas to liquid and liquid to solid

removing heat from matter

what phase converts solids to gas

sublimation

what phase converts gases to a solids

deposition

at what point does solid, liquid, and gas coexist

triple point

at what point do liquids and gases coexist

above the critical point