Unit 0 Review Flashcards

Flashcards for lecture review.

Case Study

In-depth study of a person

Experimental Research

Cause and effect relationship through manipulation.

Independent Variable

The thing being changed or manipulated in an experiment.

Dependent Variable

The response or outcome being measured in an experiment.

Naturalistic Observation

Observing behavior without interference.

Law of Effect

Behaviors followed by good outcomes are more likely to be repeated.

Neuron

Basic unit of the nervous system

Dendrite

Receives signals.

Axon

Transports signals to other neurons.

Myelin Sheath

Helps speed up signal transmission along the axon.

Terminal Buds

End of axon, sends the neuron signal.

Synapse

Gap between two neurons.

Broca's Area

Brain region associated with speech production.

Wernicke's Area

Brain region associated with language comprehension.

Glutamate

Excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory.

GABA

Inhibitory neurotransmitter; reduces anxiety.

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Neurotransmitter for all movement and retaining memory.

Dopamine

Neurotransmitter involved in pleasure, reward, movement, and attention.

Endorphin

Neurotransmitter that reduces pain.

Serotonin

Neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, and appetite.

Agonist

Enhances or mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter.

Antagonist

Blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter.

Blood-Brain Barrier

Selective barrier protecting the brain from harmful substances.

Medulla

Controls automatic functions like breathing and reflexes.

Pons

Plays a role in sleep.

Cerebellum

Controls balance, simple skills and coordination.

Thalamus

Relays and sorts sensory information.

Hypothalamus

Controls fight, flight, feeding, and sex drives.

Amygdala

Brain region associated with anger, aggression, fear, and emotion.

Hippocampus

Involved in transferring short-term memories to long-term memory.

Sunk Cost Fallacy

Cognitive bias.

Top-down Processing

Prior knowledge to give to the new information.

Bottom-up Processing

From sensory imput to the brain.