National 5 Biology | Unit 1 | A Cell Overview

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Biology

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24 Terms

1
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The nucleus is a large, normally spherical structure. What is its function(s)?
\-Controls all cell activity

\-Contains genetic information
2
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The cell wall is a strong layer made of cellulose. What is its function(s)?
\-Provides support for the cell

\-Fully permeable to dissolved substances
3
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The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer which surrounds all living cells. What is its function(s)?
\-Selectively permeable to dissolved substances

\-Controls what enters and exits the cell
4
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The cytoplasm is a colourless "jelly". What is its function(s)?
\-Respiration begins here

\-Site of chemical reactions (metabolism) in living cells
5
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The chloroplast is a relatively large, ovoid structure and green due to the presence of chlorophyll. What is its function(s)?
==Carries out photosynthesis==, the process in which plants make food using light energy.
6
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The mitochondrion is one of many sausage-shaped structures that contain enzymes. What is its function(s)?
==Carries out aerobic respiration==, the process in which energy is released from glucose in living cells.
7
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The sap vacuole is a fluid-filled space which can increase or decrease in size. What are its function(s)?
Used for storing water, salts and sugars.
8
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The ribosome is a tiny cell structure found in all cells. What is its function(s)?
It is the ==site of protein synthesis==, where cells make protein.
9
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The plasmid is a small additional ring of DNA found in bacteria. What is its function(s)?
==Contains genetic information== which can be moved readily between cells.
10
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Describe how bacteria cells differ in structure from plant and animal cells (3 points):

-Bacterium are much smaller and simpler than plant or animal cells

-They are unicellular

-Only have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids, ribosomes (and chromosomal material)

11
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Apart from _____, which are green, all cell parts are colourless and _____.
Chloroplasts; transparent
12
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A living cell uses up _____ _____, and coverts them to _____ _____, plus waste, somewhat resembling a chemical factory. The chemical processes of a cell make up its _____, which is controlled by _____. That, in turn, is controlled by the _____.
Raw materials; useful products; metabolism; enzymes; nucleus
13
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The nucleus is found in:

Animal, plant and fungus cells

14
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The cell wall is found in:
Plant, bacterium and fungus cells
15
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The cell membrane is found in:

Animal, plant, bacterium and fungus (all)

16
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The cytoplasm is found in:

Animal, plant, bacterium and fungus (all)

17
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The chloroplast is found in:
Plant cells
18
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The (sap) vacuole is found in:
Plant and fungus cells
19
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The mitochondrion is found in:
Animal, plant and fungus cells
20
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The ribosome is found in:
Animal, plant, bacterium and fungus cells ==(all)==
21
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The plasmid is found in:
Bacterium cells
22
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Name some different types of single celled organisms:
Bacteria, protozoa, some fungi, amoeba
23
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Name two features found only in plant cells:
Chloroplast and sap vacuole
24
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Name the chemical component of the cell wall in plant cells:
Cellulose