National 5 Biology | Unit 1 | A Cell Overview

The nucleus is a large, normally spherical structure. What is its function(s)?

\-Controls all cell activity

\-Contains genetic information

The cell wall is a strong layer made of cellulose. What is its function(s)?

\-Provides support for the cell

\-Fully permeable to dissolved substances

The cell membrane is a thin, flexible layer which surrounds all living cells. What is its function(s)?

\-Selectively permeable to dissolved substances

\-Controls what enters and exits the cell

The cytoplasm is a colourless "jelly". What is its function(s)?

\-Respiration begins here

\-Site of chemical reactions (metabolism) in living cells

The chloroplast is a relatively large, ovoid structure and green due to the presence of chlorophyll. What is its function(s)?

==Carries out photosynthesis==, the process in which plants make food using light energy.

The mitochondrion is one of many sausage-shaped structures that contain enzymes. What is its function(s)?

==Carries out aerobic respiration==, the process in which energy is released from glucose in living cells.

The sap vacuole is a fluid-filled space which can increase or decrease in size. What are its function(s)?

Used for storing water, salts and sugars.

The ribosome is a tiny cell structure found in all cells. What is its function(s)?

It is the ==site of protein synthesis==, where cells make protein.

The plasmid is a small additional ring of DNA found in bacteria. What is its function(s)?

==Contains genetic information== which can be moved readily between cells.

Describe how bacteria cells differ in structure from plant and animal cells (3 points):

-Bacterium are much smaller and simpler than plant or animal cells

-They are unicellular

-Only have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids, ribosomes (and chromosomal material)

Apart from _____, which are green, all cell parts are colourless and _____.

Chloroplasts; transparent

A living cell uses up _____ _____, and coverts them to _____ _____, plus waste, somewhat resembling a chemical factory. The chemical processes of a cell make up its _____, which is controlled by _____. That, in turn, is controlled by the _____.

Raw materials; useful products; metabolism; enzymes; nucleus

The nucleus is found in:

Animal, plant and fungus cells

The cell wall is found in:

Plant, bacterium and fungus cells

The cell membrane is found in:

Animal, plant, bacterium and fungus (all)

The cytoplasm is found in:

Animal, plant, bacterium and fungus (all)

The chloroplast is found in:

Plant cells

The (sap) vacuole is found in:

Plant and fungus cells

The mitochondrion is found in:

Animal, plant and fungus cells

The ribosome is found in:

Animal, plant, bacterium and fungus cells ==(all)==

The plasmid is found in:

Bacterium cells

Name some different types of single celled organisms:

Bacteria, protozoa, some fungi, amoeba

Name two features found only in plant cells:

Chloroplast and sap vacuole

Name the chemical component of the cell wall in plant cells:

Cellulose