Foreign Affairs

When was Thatcher’s speech in Bruges, where she said Britain’s EEC membership was necessary but she wanted nation states to retain their individual identity?

1988

What think tank group was formed in Britain to focus opposition on European federalism?

Bruges Group

Which two Conservatives thought Thatcher was backtracking on promises she had made since 1985 by making the Bruges speech?

• Geoffrey Howe

• John Major

What was the name of the EEC president who thought it should go in the opposite direction to what Thatcher wanted?

Jacques Delores

What event prompted Thatcher to enthusiastically favour expanding the EEC to include new _______ _______ countries?

collapse of communism — Eastern European

When was the Maastricht Treaty?

1992

Conservative Eurosceptics

• Michael Portillo

• John Redwood

• Bill Cash

Conservative Europhiles

• Kenneth Clarke

• Chris Patten

What would be set up in 1999 as part of the terms of the Maastricht Treaty?

single currency

What was the EEC changed to under the terms of the Maastricht Treaty?

European Union

What two terms in the Maastricht Treaty did Major get opt-outs of for Britain?

• single currency

• Social Chapter

How did Major get Maastricht ratified against rebel MPs threatening to block it in Parliament?

threatened vote of no confidence

Major managed to get Maastricht ratified in Parliament but what was the downside of it?

damaged his authority and made him appear weak

What (and when) was the anti-European group formed that became the forerunner of UKIP?

Anti-Federalist League — 1993

When did Poland announce that it was going to hold free elections and Gorbachev made it clear the Soviet Union wouldn’t intervene?

1990

What was the name of the policy that meant the Soviet Union intervened in domestic affairs of other communist states?

Brezhnev Doctrine

When was Maastricht ratified?

1993

Which country did Iraqi president Saddam Hussein invade for its oil?

Kuwait

When did Saddam Hussein send his forces/invade [country]?

1990

When was the coalition that included the USA, Britain, USSR and had UN backing expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait (Gulf War)?

1991

Which country was Thatcher afraid would become a superstate and dominate Europe because of its _____________?

Germany — its reunification

Who was the chancellor of Germany, who became a hero in its unification?

Helmut Kohl

Which countries admired Thatcher?

newly-independent Eastern European

Who was the Serbian nationalist Yugoslav president who triggered the Balkan conflict?

Slobodan Milosevic

When did the USSR withdraw from Afghanistan?

1989

When did Bush and Gorbachev announce the end of the Cold War at the Malta Summit?

1989

When was the USSR officially dissolved?

1991

Which country declared independence which began the Yugoslav states splitting?

Slovenia

When did Slovenia declare independence?

1991

Against which group of people did the Yugoslav president threaten violent action?

Albanian population in Kosovo

Between which two of the biggest republics were there clashes in the Balkans?

Serbia and Croatia

When was the Muslim population in East Bosnia ethnically cleansed?

1992

Which paramilitaries were backed by Miloslavic that ethnically cleansed Muslims in east Bosnia?

Bosnian-Serb

When did Major host a EU-UN peacekeeping conference for the Bosnian war?

1992

What ineffective peace settlement plans were made throughout the Bosnian war?

• Carrington-Cutilero

• Vance-Owen

• Owen-Stoltenberg

• Contact Group

Who was president of the US at the time of the conflict in Yugoslavia, who had to be convinced to enact US intervention?

Clinton

What was the name of the peace treaty that ended the Bosnian War?

Dayton Agreement

When was the Dayton Agreement signed?

1995

When was the Srebrenica massacre?

1995

What was the name of the massacre of Muslim Bosniaks in which the UN peacekeepers were ordered to not intervene?

Srebrenica massacre