Meat as a Food + History of Meat Science + History of Meat Industry

What is Meat?

Meat is defined as those animal tissues that are suitable for use as food.

Different Types of Meats

Red, Poultry, Seafood, Game Meats

What is Meat Science?

The basic study of unique characteristics of muscle and other animal tissues

What Country Spends the Least on Food?

United States

1490’S

Columbus brought Spanish Longhorns to the West Indies

1539

Desoto brought pigs to Florida

1610

Lord Delaware brought cows, oxen, and goats to the English Colonies

1639

Hams and Bacon sent to England

1662

William Pynchon became the nation's first meat packer, packing pork in barrels w salt to ship to West Indies and Colonies

1742

Brighton Market near Boston held the first public auction, Boston = slaughter center

First Meat Scientist

Sir Francis Bacon

Sir Francis Bacon

Father of the Scientific Method & death induced by experiment w frozen chicken, fresh meat could be preserved if frozen

1751

Benjamin Franklin proposed a "More Compassionate" slaughter method

☆ Electrical Stunning

☆ Adopted 200 years later

☆ He claimed the electricity made the meat "Uncommonly Tender"

Plant Locations

☆ Near rivers and lakes

+Ice and Water

- Refrigeration

☆ Near railroad tracks

+ Ship livestock and meat

Uncle Sam - Sam Wilson

☆ Was in charge of feeding the troops

☆ 1812

Porkolopis

Cincinnati, OH

"Hub" of meat industry

Chicago, IL

Union Stock Yards

Chicago, IL

The Jungle

Upton Sinclair

what year did the federal meat inspection act pass?

1906

1913

Henry Ford states a visit to a Chicago slaughterhouse opened his eyes to employing a moving conveyor system and fixed work stations in industrial applications

1916

Developed a uniform class and grade nomenclature that would be used a vocabulary for market reporting

1917

the USDA began developing grade standards for market hogs and slaughter lambs and sheep

1924

U.S. Ag Products Inspection & Grading Act

1926

First Meat Judging Contest

1936

Oscar Meyer Wienermobile

1662

William Pynchon packs pork in barrels with salt to ship

1821

First Commercial Meat Canning in Boston

1917

U.S. entered World War I and Chicago packers canned 1.5 million lbs. of meat a week for the war effort

1941

U.S. entered World War II. Army C rations were developed

SPAM

1937

Wholesome Meat Act

1967

Wholesome Poultry Act

1968

Top US Lamb Companies

1. Superior Pack

2. ConAgra

Slaughtering States (Cattle)

1. Texas

2. Nebraska

3. Kansas

Beef Packers

1. JBS

2. Cargill

3. Tyson

4. National Beef

Slaughtering States (Hogs)

1. Iowa

2. North Carolina

3. Minnesota

Pork Packers

1. Smithfield Foods

2. Tyson

3. JBS

4. Cargill

5. Hormel

Slaughtering States (Chickens/Broilers)

1. Georgia

2. Alabama

3. Arkansas

Poultry Packers

1. Tyson Foods

2. Pilgrim's Pride

3. Sanderson Farms

4. Perdue Farms

Slaughtering States (Turkey)

1. Minnesota

2. North Carolina

3. Arkansas

Poultry Packers (Turkey)

1. Butterball

2. Jennie-O Turkey

3. Cargill