Chapter 10 APUSH Terms

franchise

the right to vote. Between 1820 and 1860, most states revised their constitutions to extend the vote to all adult white males. Black adult men gained the right to vote with the passage of the fourteenth amendment (1868). The Nineteenth granted adult women the right to vote.

Notables

Northern landlords, slave-owning planters, and seaport merchants who dominated the political system of the early nineteenth century.

Political Machine

A highly organized group of insiders that directs a political party.

Spoils System

Andrew Jackson. Public jobs based on political party

Caucus

A meeting held by a political party to choose candidates, make policies, and enforce party discipline

American System

Mercantilist system of national development advocated by Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams

International Improvements

Public works such as roads and canals

Corrupt Bargain

A term used by Andrew Jackson’s supporters for the appointment by President John Quincy Adams of Henry Clay as his secretary of states.

Consolidated Government

A term meaning a powerful and potentially oppressive national government

Tariff of Abomination

Tariff enacted in 1828 that raised duties significantly and raw materials, textiles, and iron goods.

nullification

the constitutional argument advanced by John C Calhoun that a state legislature or convention could void a law passed by congress

Second Bank of the United States

National bank with multiple branches chartered in 1816 for twenty years.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Act that directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory West of the Mississippi.

Trail of Tears

Forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present-day Oklahoma in 1838.

Laissez-faire

The principle the less government does, the better for economy

Whigs

The second national party, arose in 1834 when a group of congressmen contested Andrew Jackson’s policies and conduct

Panic of 1837

Second major economic crisis of the US which led to hard times from 1837-1843

Specie Circular

An executive order in 1836 that required the Treasury department to accept only gold and silver in payment for lands in the national domain.

Ethnocultural politics

Refers to the fact that the political allegiance of many American voters was determined less by party policy rather than by their membership in a specific ethnic or religious group