Water Distribution Systems and Methods

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to water distribution engineering.

Water Distribution System

Facilities used to supply water from its source to the point of usage, ensuring quality, quantity, and pressure.

Transmission Pipelines

Pipelines that carry water from one point to another without intermediate service connections.

Distribution Pipelines

Pipelines that take water from the reservoir to the supply area.

Service Pipelines

Pipes that run from the distribution system to a customer’s home.

Dead End System

A water distribution layout suitable for old towns; features dead ends that can lead to stagnation.

Radial System

A distribution system that divides the area into zones with water pumped to a reservoir at the center.

Grid Iron System

A distribution layout defined by a rectangular pattern of water mains, promoting good water circulation.

Ring System

A supply main laid along peripheral roads with branching sub mains; allows water supply from multiple directions.

Gravity System

A water distribution system where the supply source is at a higher elevation, using gravity to deliver water.

Pumping System

A water distribution system utilizing pumps to move water, requiring high lift pumps for efficacy.

Combined Gravity and Pumping System

A system that utilizes both gravity and pumping to efficiently supply treated water to consumers.

Continuous System

A water supply system providing water to consumers 24/7, requiring sufficient water availability.

Intermittent System

A system that supplies water to consumers only at designated hours, influenced by demand.

Distribution Reservoirs

Storage reservoirs that hold treated water to meet emergency demands and fluctuations in usage.

Surface Reservoirs

Storage tanks constructed at ground level, usually circular or rectangular, for storing treated water.

Elevated Reservoirs

Overhead tanks supplying water in areas not serviced by gravity systems; usually rectangular or circular.

R.C.C. Tanks

Reinforced concrete cement tanks known for their long life and minimal maintenance.

G.I. Tanks

Galvanized iron tanks that are generally square or rectangular, prone to corrosion and having a limited lifespan.

H.D.P.E Tanks

High Density Polyethylene tanks, lightweight and low maintenance, suitable for residential water storage.

Gate Valves

Valves used to isolate sections of the distribution system, allowing for emergency repairs.

Butterfly Valves

Valves with a rotating disc that controls water flow; known for ease of operation and low maintenance.

Ball Valves

Valves that use a ball to control flow; reliable under high pressure but should be fully open or closed.

Plug Valves

Valves used to stop or restrict flow, commonly found in service lines.

Globe Valves

Valves effective for flow regulation, utilized in plumbing applications under 2 inches in diameter.

Diaphragm Valves

Valves using a flexible membrane to regulate flow; commonly used for filling water tanks.

Check Valves

Valves that prevent backflow by using a hinged disc to close when flow is reversed.

Blow Off Valves

Valves that provide flushing points in dead-end mains, necessary to remove settled debris.

Booster Pumps

Pumps that increase pressure in mains or transfer water from ground storage into the distribution system.