lecture 2a Circulation_42 terms

What are the components of blood?

Plasma, ions, proteins, and cellular components.

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

To return fluid that leaks out from capillary beds and plays an important role in immune function.

What distinguishes open circulatory systems from closed circulatory systems?

In open systems, there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid, while in closed systems, blood is confined to vessels.

What is systolic pressure?

The highest pressure in the arteries during ventricular systole.

What are erythrocytes primarily responsible for?

Transporting oxygen through the body.

What role do the valves in the heart play?

They control blood flow within the heart and prevent backflow.

What is the significance of capillary beds in the circulatory system?

They are the sites of chemical exchange between blood and interstitial fluid.

What is the cardiac cycle?

The sequence of events in which the heart contracts (systole) and relaxes (diastole) to pump blood.

How does the heart's pacemaker function?

The sinoatrial (SA) node sets the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions.

What are common causes of cardiovascular disease?

High cholesterol levels, low LDL to HDL ratios, and inflammation.

What happens during a heart attack?

Blockage of one or more coronary arteries leads to irreversible damage to cardiac muscle tissue.

What stimulates erythrocyte production?

The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) when oxygen delivery is low.

What is the function of platelets in blood?

To participate in blood clotting and form a temporary plug at sites of vascular injury.

What is atherosclerosis?

A condition caused by the buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) within arteries.

What are the effects of vasoconstriction and vasodilation on blood pressure?

Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure, while vasodilation decreases it.

What is the primary cause of edema?

Disruptions in the flow of lymph lead to swelling.