Chapter 7 Part 2: Fermentation

Fermentation is nature’s solution to environments __ in oxygen.

lacking

There are 2 options for the final carbon product after NADH reduces pyruvate to a different molecular product: __ or lactic acid

Ethanol

Many bacteria can do fermentation instead of oxidative respiration because they live in nearly __ glucose environments.

unlimited

In alcoholic fermentation, we __ an addition CO₂ before reducing a 2-carbon product to ethanol

kick off

Obligate anaerobes are organisms that cannot carry out __ ___ like the bacteria that causes botulism, which thrives in canned foods

oxidative respiration

Facultative anaerobes are organisms that can switch between __ and __ like yeast and human muscle cells

oxidative respiration and fermentation

Obligate aerobes are cells and organisms that must access oxygen to survive __. For example, vertebrate brain cells.

fermentation

Amino acids get in where they fit in to oxidative respiration. Many different ___ ___ enter the pathway as pyruvate and at different steps of the CAC depending on their structures.

amino acids

Triglycerides:

1. The 3-carbon ___ back bone enters the pathway at the 6th step of glycolysis

2. The hydrocarbon tails are split into 2-carbonfragments and enter the pathway as __

glycerol, acetyl-coA

Anabolic pathways use building blocks generated by oxidative respiration pathways. Anabolism means that pathways build larger biomolecules from __ ones. “Get in where ya fit in” but in __ .

smaller, reverse