8.2 The Cold War

Despite ideological differences, what did ALL the Allies agree upon?

To end the League of Nations and make a new organization that would support peace and prosperity.

Explain why the League of Nations failed.

Didn't have everyone's (all countries) support , specifically the U.S's

Didn't have a mechanism to respond fast to end small conflicts turning into big ones.

What did the "Iron Curtain" represent?

A division between Eastern and Western Europe

Capitalism

Assets were privately owned (farms/factories)

People could act to benefit themselves

Private interests determined economic choices

Communism

Assets owned by the gov.

Fairness and equality were stressed

Democracy

People could vote

Free elections

Independent press for reliable accurate info. On political parties and the gov during elections

Authoritarianism

Elections didn't matter

Gov owned the press

Only 1 main political party

Explain the similarities between the two superpowers.

They both operated and supported essentially what the other country lacked. Both economies relied on 1 large group of people ( gov or corporate shareholders). Both were afraid of each other and their actions reflected this, making both strong military wise.

What did each side want to do? What was the result?

Increase/ grow their system of thought in the world. A fight for influence on people's opinions and alliances with gov.

The USSR and Its Satellite Countries

What did the USSR make the satellite countries they had do to compete with the USA?

To make 5- year economic plans centered on making industry and collective agriculture at the cost (expense) of consumer products.

What did these actions allow the USSR to exploit?

The Eastern european nations so the soviets could gain more instead of these countries. The satellite countries suffered.

World Revolution

What was the threat to the USSR according to them starting in 1917?

Capitalism. World revolution ideas made this threat stronger.

What were some of the revolutions that the USSR supported?

In Germany, Bavaria, Hungary, northern Italy, and Bulgaria.

What is the policy of containment?

To not allow communism to spread.

How did many people want to take the policy of containment "a step further"?

They wanted to conquer places (governments) that were already communist.

Truman Doctrine

What were the main ideas of the Truman Doctrine?

That the U.s would do whatever necessary to stop communism, especially in Greece and Turkey.

Where specifically did the Truman Doctrine want to be instilled in?

In Greece and Turkey. The Soviets wanted to control the Dardanelles with military bases (Turkey) and the government in Greece. The doctrine was to help out these countries against communism through their military and economic support.

What was the Marshall Plan?

It gave $12 billion to help every nation of Europe( Germany too). It was to modernize industry, decrease trade barriers, and remade Europe's damaged infrastructure. It was successful.

Why was the Marshall Plan created and what was it meant to stop?

It was a plan of action by the U.S to make economically weak countries stronger to avoid being made communist.

What did the Soviet Union also create in lieu of the Marshall Plan? What did it do?

They made the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) in 1949. It was restrictive to trade and credit agreements for the 6 members. The Marshall plan was incredibly more effective than this.

Space Race- What was the first artificial satellite called?

Sputnik

Who built it? What did it make the other superpower do?

The Soviets and it made the U.s guild their own and send it to space too. (space race). They compete in becoming the first to land on the moon and have an orbiting satellite.

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

What did both countries figure out would happen if each of them set off their ICBM's?

That each was equally technologically capable to cause destruction. Both would end up losing therefore the fear of each other was enough to keep peace.

The Non-Aligned Movement

Where did many of the countries come from who wanted to stay out of the US-Soviet Cold War?

the new African and Asian countries.

Explain what they wanted. ( non- aligned movement)

A different structure for international economic, political, and social order without only 2 powerful houses.

Who was a part of the Bandung Conference and what came out of it?

China, India as well as 27 other countries were a[art of it ( + ½ of the world's pop). They agreed in acts against colonization. They made the Non- aligned Movement.

Explain some of the challenges the Non-Aligned Movement faced:

Some wanted to add their support for stronger international institutions with their desires for their own agenda. Member states usually turned closely allied with 1 superpower or the other.

India

Jawaharial Nehru

-Was prime minister of India (1947 to 1964)

-Seen as one of the most important leaders at the Bandung Conference

Ghana

Kwame Nkrumah

-Led ghana to indep. From great britain in 1957

-Supported unity of africans across country boundaries by the Organization of African Unity

-Turned into one of the most respected African leaders of the postwar period

Egypt

Gamal Abdel Nasser

-Served 3x as pres, of Egypt from 1954- 1970

-Aided in negotiating compromises between people attending the Bandung Conference

-Backed the Pan- Arab movement

Indonesia

Sukarno

-First pres of indonesia in 1945

-Organized and hosted the Bandung Conference

-Criticized both the U.s and the USSR but allowed large help from each