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Culture
The beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a group of people that define their way of life.
Cultural trait
A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as wearing a turban.
Globalization
The spread of culture or other entities throughout the world
Nonmaterial culture
The ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society rather than the physical objects they create.
Contemporary culture
The common themes, ideas, or expressions seen in present-day society.
Cultural complex
A group of culture traits that are interconnected and represent a particular aspect of culture.
Global culture
The diffusion of a single culture throughout the world.
Popular culture
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population.
Sociofacts
The structures and organizations of a society that influence social behavior (e.g., family, government).
Ethnic enclave
A small area occupied by a distinctive minority culture.
Ethnic island
A rural area settled by a single, distinctive ethnic group that placed its imprint on the landscape.
Charter group
The dominant first arrivals establishing the cultural norms in a new territory.
Culture hearth
The region from which innovative ideas originate.
Cultural regions
Areas where people share one or more cultural traits, thus creating a distinct region.
Relocation diffusion
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.
Neolocalism
A renewed interest in sustaining and promoting the uniqueness of a place.
Traditional culture
The customs, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation in a community.
Material culture
Physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture.
Artifacts
Objects made by humans that represent material culture.
Built environment
The human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity.
Cultural landscape
The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape.
Cultural appropriation
The adoption of cultural elements by one group from another group, often without understanding or respect.
Sacred place
A location deemed as holy or significant in a religious or spiritual context.
Sacred site
A place that is sacred or holy to a particular religion or culture.
Cultural patterns
Recurrent behaviors, practices, or ideas shared by a culture.
Taboos
Social or cultural prohibitions against certain practices or behaviors.
Mentifacts
The central, enduring elements of a culture, such as ideas, beliefs, and values.
Postmodern architecture
A style of architecture that reacts against the strict rules of modernism, often characterized by eclecticism and the use of older styles.
Ethnic neighborhoods
Areas within cities that are inhabited by people of the same ethnic background.
Diaspora
The scattering of people from their homeland to other places.
Blue laws
Laws designed to enforce moral standards, often through restrictions on commercial activities on Sundays.
Cultural relativism
The principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself.
Constructivist forces
Social forces that shape a group’s identity, history, and societal structures.
Sharia
Islamic law based on the teachings of the Quran and the traditions of the Prophet.
Fundamentalism
A strict adherence to basic principles of a particular religion.
Ethnocentrism
The belief in the inherent superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture.
Centripetal forces
Forces that unify a country, such as a shared sense of common history or a strong national culture.
Centrifugal forces
Forces that divide a country, such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences.
Diffusion
The spreading of something more widely.
Cultural diffusion
The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.
Contagious diffusion
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population.
Hierarchical diffusion
The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.
Stimulus diffusion
The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.
Cultural Extinction
Obliteration of an entire culture by war, disease, acculturation or a combination of the three.
Cultural geography
the subfield of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space.
Cultural Imperialism
The dominance of one culture over another.
Syncretic
Traditions that borrow from both the past and the present
Tradition
A cohesive collection of customs within a cultural group
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