chapter 24

3 main types of homeostatic balance

water balance, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance

Volume depletion

overall low in water and salt

Dehydration

low in water

Volume excess

too much water and salt

Hypotonic hydration

too much water

Electrolytes

chemically reactive, determine electrical potential, affect osmolarity, affect where water goes

major cations

sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen

major anions

Chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate

sodium

principal cation in ECF

sodium imbalances

Hypernatremia (water retention, swelling), Hyponatremia

Potassium

most abundant cation in ICF

Potassium imbalances

Hyperkalemia(quick onset, slow onset), Hypokalemia (low potassium, depress)

Chloride

most abundant cation in ECF

Calcium functions

part of skeleton, second messengers

Calcium imbalances

hypercalcima, hypocalcima

magnesium functions

linked with ATP

Magnesium imbalances

Hypermagnesemia (slow things down, depress), Hypomagnesemia (excite)

Phosphates

metabolic pathways, buffers

acid

low number, any chemical that releases H+ in solution

base

high number, any chemical that accepts H+ in solution

buffer

resists change in Ph

physiological buffer

body system, urinary, respiratory

chemical buffer

temporary fix, chemicals that balance ph

Acidosis

body is too acidic, depress everyhthing

Alkalosis

body is too basic, excite, speed things up

lost blood

saline IV

Acidosis fix

Lactated ringers IV

Alkalosis fix

potassium chloride IV

someone fasting

Dextrose IV (suagr water)