Openstax Psychology Chapter 8 Memory

Memory

Set of Process used to Encode, Store, and Retrieve information

Encoding

Involves the input of information into the memory system

Storage

is the retention of the encoded information

Retrieval

known as getting the information out of memory and back into awareness, is the third function

Visual Encoding

Encoding of images

Acoustic Encoding

Encoding of sounds

Self- reference Effect

Having better memory for information that relate to oneself

Short term Memory

Very short Memory , about 20 seconds

Rehearsal

Conscious repetition of information to be remembered

Consolidation

when information is moved from short to term memory to long term memory

Explicit Memory

Includes episodic and semantic memory, those we consciously try to remember

Implicit Memory

includes procedural memory and things learned through conditioning, they are not part of conscious

Procedural

Long Term memories of conditioned responses and learned skills examples like driving and tying your shoes

Declarative

Long term Memory factual information

Semantic Memory

Impersonal facts and everyday knowledge

Episodic Memory

Personal experiences linked with specific time and places

Recall

Accessing information without cues

Recognition

identifying information previously learned

Relearning

Learning information previously learned

Amygdala

The part of the brain that is involved in fear and fear memories

Hippocampus

The part of the brain that is associated with declarative and episodic memory as well as recognition memory

Cerebellum

The part of the brain that plays a role in processing procedural memories, such as how to play the piano

Prefrontal Cortex

the part of the brain that appears to be involved in remembering semantic tasks

Arousal Theory

The Part of the brain that has a strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones which strengthen memory

Flashbulb Memory

A record of an atypical and unusual event that has very strong emotional association

Retrograde Amnesia

Memory problems that extend back in time before the injury and prevent retrieval of information previously stored in long- term memory

Anterograde Amnesia

Conversely, memory problems that extend forward in time from the point of injury and prevent the formation of new memories

Misinformation effect paradigm

after exposure to incorrect information, a person may misremember the original event

False Memory syndrome

Recall of false autobiographical Memories

Blocking

also known as tip- of - the - tongue phenenomenon

Persistence

many veterans of military conflicts involuntarily recall unwanted, unpleasant memories

Proactive Interference

old information hinder recall of new information

Retroactive interference

New information hinders recall of old information

Chunking

organize information into manageable bits

elaborative rehearsal

Relating new information to knowledge already stored in memory