Exam 3 Review: Cognitive Learning and Memory

Sensory Memory

Brief retention of sensory information, lasting milliseconds.

Encoding

Transforming information into a memory trace.

Explicit Memory

Conscious recall of facts and events.

Nodes

Units of information in a semantic network.

State Dependent Learning

Memory retrieval influenced by internal state during learning.

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repetition of information to keep it in memory.

Method of Loci

Memory technique using spatial relationships for recall.

Shaping

Gradually reinforcing behaviors toward a desired goal.

Modeling

Learning through observation and imitation of others.

Self-Instruction

Guided self-talk to facilitate learning and task completion.

Bloom's Taxonomy

Framework categorizing educational goals into levels.

Objectivist View

Learning as a process of acquiring knowledge objectively.

Stage Model of Memory

Framework outlining sensory, working, and long-term memory stages.

Salience

Prominence or importance of a stimulus in context.

Selective Attention

Focusing on specific information, influenced by top-down processing.

Auditory Loop

Component of working memory for verbal information.

Visio-Spatial Scratchpad

Component for visual and spatial information processing.

Retrieval

Accessing stored information from memory.

Episodic Memory

Memory of personal experiences and specific events.

Semantic Memory

Memory of facts and general knowledge.

Links

Connections between nodes in a semantic network.

Proactive Interference

Old information disrupts recall of new information.

Mnemonic Strategies

Techniques to enhance memory retention and recall.

Acronym

Word formed from initial letters of phrases.

Peg Method

Associating items with pre-memorized cues for recall.

Constructivist View

Learning as an active process of constructing knowledge.

Attention

Focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others.

Flashlight Model

Attention is focused like a beam of light.

Funnel Model

Attention filters information, allowing some through.

Top-Down Processing

Perception influenced by prior knowledge and expectations.

Bottom-Up Processing

Perception driven by sensory input and data.

Working Memory

Active processing and manipulation of information.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious memory, such as skills and habits.

Procedural Memory

Memory for skills and actions, like riding a bike.

Dispositional Memory

Memory related to personal traits or dispositions.

Network Model of Semantic Memory

Conceptual framework linking related information.

Retroactive Interference

New information disrupts recall of old information.

Levels of Processing

Deeper processing leads to better memory retention.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Connecting new information to existing knowledge.

Sensory memory

What is this

attention

What is this

Auiditory loop

What is this

Visio spatial scratch pad

What is this

Working memory

What is this

Encoding

What is this

Retreval

What is this

Long-term memory (LTM)

What is this

Implicit

What is this

Explicit

What is this

Procedural

What is this

Aispositional

What is this

Sematic

What is this

Episodic

What is this

Long-term Memory (LTM)

The part of the memory system for storing information over extended periods, potentially indefinitely.

Implicit Memory

Unconscious memory, such as skills and habits.

Explicit Memory

Conscious recall of facts and events.

Procedural Memory

Memory for skills and actions, such as riding a bike.

Dispositional Memory

Memory related to personal traits or dispositions.

Episodic Memory

Memory of personal experiences and specific events.

Semantic Memory

Memory of facts and general knowledge.