APUSH AMSCO Unit 8.6

explain how and why the civil rights movement developed and expanded from 1945 to 1960

Jackie Robinson

the first African American to play on a major league team since the 1880s

Harry S. Truman

the first president to challenge racial discrimination; ordered the end of racial discrimination in the federal government

Committee on Civil Rights

Truan used his executive powers to establish this

NAACP

had been fighting to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson for years

Thurgood Marshall

led the team of NAACP lawyers in the Brown v. Board case

Brown v. Board of Education

Marshall argued that segregation of black children in public schools was unconstitutional because it violated the 14th Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection of the laws

Earl Warren

Chief Justice that ruled that separate facilities are inherently unequal and hence unconstitutional and that school segregation should end with all deliberate speed

Southern Manifesto

condemned the Supreme Court for a clear abuse of judicial power

Little Rock

Eisenhower ordered federal troops to stand guard and protect Black students

Rosa Parks

a driver ordered her to give up her seat for a White patron; she refused and was therefore arrested; led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Montgomery Bus Boycott

a protest by boycotting city buses

Martin Luther King Jr./nonviolent movement

MLK became the inspirational leaders of a nonviolent movement to end segregation

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

organized ministers and churches in the South to get behind the civil rights struggle

sit-in movement

students would deliberately invite arrest by sitting in restricted areas

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

promoted voting rights and the end of segregation

Civil Rights Commission

Eisenhower permanently established this