AP World Semester #1 Exam

Confucianism

Philosophy emphasizing ethics and familial respect in China.

Hinduism

Religion from Indus Valley emphasizing karma and moksha.

Filial Piety

Respect for parents and ancestors in Confucianism.

Jizya

Tax levied on non-Muslims in Islamic states.

Peloponnesian War

Conflict between Athens and Sparta (431-404 BCE).

Battle of Hastings

1066 Norman conquest establishing feudalism in England.

Hundred Years' War

Territorial conflict between England and France (1337-1453).

Mandate of Heaven

Divine right belief justifying Chinese emperors' rule.

Shintoism

Japanese religion focusing on kami and ancestor worship.

Spread of Buddhism

Buddhism's journey from India to East Asia.

Tamerlane

Notable military leader known for strategic conquests.

Ivan III

Grand Prince who ended Mongol rule in Russia.

Emperor Diocletian

Roman emperor who divided the empire into two halves.

Constantine

Roman emperor who established Christianity as a state religion.

Mansa Musa

Wealthy ruler of Mali known for pilgrimage to Mecca.

Cleopatra

Last pharaoh of Egypt involved in Roman politics.

Mehmet II

Ottoman Sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453.

Gunpowder Empires

Empires utilizing gunpowder technology for military expansion.

Achaemenid Empire

First global empire, significant in ancient history.

Feudalism

Medieval system of land exchange for protection.

Qin Shihuangdi

First emperor of unified China, known for Great Wall.

Umayyads

Early Islamic caliphate focusing on territorial expansion.

Abbasids

Islamic caliphate emphasizing cultural and intellectual growth.

Magna Carta

1215 document limiting the power of the English king.

Devshirme

Ottoman practice of recruiting Christian boys for service.

Code of Hammurabi

Ancient Babylon's comprehensive legal code.

Indian Ocean Basin Trade

Trade routes connecting Africa, Middle East, and Asia.

Silk Road Trade

Route connecting China with Central Asia and Europe.

Trans-Saharan Trade Route

Network linking sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa.

Byzantine Empire

Eastern Roman Empire known for cultural preservation.

Great Schism

1054 split between Catholic and Orthodox churches.

Hagia Sophia

Former church, mosque, now museum in Istanbul.

Russian-Byzantine Relationship

Cultural exchange through Orthodox Christianity in Russia.

Pre-Columbian America

Native societies before European arrival, including Maya and Aztec.

Dark Ages

Post-Roman Empire period marked by instability and stagnation.

Hellenistic Era

Period of Greek cultural spread after Alexander's conquests.

Johann Gutenberg

Inventor of the printing press, revolutionizing communication.

Battle of Manzikert

1071 defeat of Byzantines by Seljuk Turks.

China's Influence on Japan

Impact of Chinese culture on early Japanese society.