CH3: Compartmentation - Cells and Tissues

The fluid substance of blood is called

cytoplasm.

peroxide.

endothelium.

plasma.

interstitial fluid.

plasma

In which body cavity does the heart sit?

Thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Cranial cavity

Peritoneal cavity

thoracic cavity

Which is the name of the hollow interior of an organ?

Cavity

Core

Sphere

Lumen

lumen

Which two fluid compartments make up the extracellular fluid?

Interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid

Intracellular fluid and plasma

Plasma and interstitial fluid

Cytosol and plasma

plasma and interstitial fluid

The watery medium that surrounds a cell is known as

extracellular fluid.

intracellular fluid.

protoplasm.

cytosol.

cytoplasm.

extracellular fluid

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

anchor or stabilize the cell membrane

act as transport molecules for various solutes

produce energy

respond to extracellular molecules

creating junctions between cells

produce energy

Which of the following is NOT a membrane lipid?

phospholipids

cholesterol

sphingolipids

All are membrane lipids.

All are membrane lipids

A liposome is a

medium to deliver cosmetics.

a type of lipid.

a medium to deliver cosmetics and drugs.

a structural part of cell membranes.

medium to deliver drugs.

a medium to deliver cosmetics and drugs.

________ proteins extend all the way across the cell membrane.

Peripheral

Nuclear

Glycolipid

Transmembrane

Cytoskeletal

Transmembrane

Cell membranes are mainly made up of __________.

lipids and proteins

lipids and carbohydrates

nucleic acid and proteins

carbohydrates and proteins

lipids and proteins

Which is a similarity among the phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes, micelles, and liposomes?

The phospholipid hydrophilic heads are arranged so they are in contact with aqueous solutions.

The phospholipid hydrophobic tails are arranged so they are in contact with aqueous solutions.

The phospholipid hydrophobic heads are arranged so they are in contact with aqueous solutions.

The phospholipid hydrophilic tails are arranged so they are in contact with aqueous solutions.

he phospholipid hydrophilic heads are arranged so they are in contact with aqueous solutions.

Functions of the cell membrane include physical isolation, regulation of exchange, structural support, and which other function?

Communication between the cell and its environment

Binding and delivery of oxygen

Radiation of heat to prevent protein denaturation and cell stress

Extraction of energy from the environment for cell survival

communication between the cell and its environment

Which is an example of a membranous organelle?

centriole

cilia

lysosome

ribosome

cytoskeleton

lysosome

The thickest protein fibers from the following group are

microfilaments.

myosin molecules.

microtubules.

keratin filaments.

neurofilaments.

microtubules.

Ribosomal RNA is formed by

the endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi complexes.

mitochondria.

nucleoli.

lysosomes.

nucleoli.

Microtubules

are the largest cytoplasmic fibers.

form cilia that aid in cell movement.

are composed of tubulin.

are hollow, filamentous structures.

All of the answers are correct.

all of the answers are correct.

Centrioles

are white blood cells outside of vessels.

hold the cell's ribosomes in place.

help move fluid through the cell.

provide shape and stability to a cell.

direct the movement of DNA during cell division.

direct the movement of DNA during cell division.

Microvilli are found

on the inside of cell membranes.

in large numbers on cells that secrete hormones.

in cells that participate in absorption.

only on cells lining the reproductive tract.

mostly in muscle cells.

in cells that participate in absorption.

Which is NOT made in smooth or rough endoplasmic reticulum?

phospholipids

steroids

RNA

proteins

fatty acids

RNA

The proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then sent to the

smooth endoplasmic reticulum for storage.

nucleus for cellular use.

cell membrane for secretion.

Golgi complex for packaging.

lysosome for modification.

Golgi complex for packaging.

You discovered a new cell that lacks lysosomes. This cell would NOT be able to

synthesize lipids.

destroy H2O2.

transport water-soluble molecules.

digest cellular wastes and bacteria.

synthesize enzymes.

digest cellular wastes and bacteria.

Peroxisomes

use an enzyme to destroy H2O2 that is toxic to the cell.

are responsible for the atrophy of unused muscles.

are sites for synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and phospholipids.

are a type of lysosome.

All of the answers are correct.

use an enzyme to destroy H₂O₂ that is toxic to the cell.

The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells is ________ the number of mitochondria in adipose (fat) cells.

less than

equal to

greater than

greater than

The term secretion refers to

the process by which a cell releases a substance into the extracellular space.

synthesis of a protein for export from the cell.

the manufacture and assembly of a material.

storage of a material, until it is time for it to leave the cell.

None of the answers describe secretion.

the process by which a cell releases a substance into the extracellular space.

Arrange the following events in protein secretion in the proper sequence.
1. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
2. A secretory vesicle is formed.
3. A transport vesicle is formed.
4. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the Golgi complex.

1, 2, 3, 4

3, 1, 4, 2

4, 3, 1, 2

1, 3, 4, 2

1, 3, 2, 4

1,3,4,2

These degrade long chain fatty acids and toxic foreign molecules.

endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

lysosomes

mitochondria

peroxisomes

peroxisomes

Nucleoli function in the production of

DNA that controls all cell functions.

peroxisomes.

secretory vesicles.

RNA for ribosomes.

proteins.

RNA for ribosomes.

If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to

produce DNA.

maintain its balance.

undergo nuclear division.

synthesize proteins.

metabolize sugars.

undergo nuclear division.

Only totipotent stem cells are capable of producing new cells in an adult.

True

False

false

A lysosome is a(n)

membranous organelle.

transmembrane protein.

inclusion.

cytoskeletal protein.

glycolipid.

membranous organelle.

A cell has a problem where mitochondria are not able to function. Which function of the cell's cytoskeleton would you expect to be decreased?

Movement

The ability to make ATP

Cell shape

Assembly of cells into tissues

movement

Which cytoskeletal protein allows for intracellular transport of organelles?

Microfilaments

Actin

Tubulin

Keratin

tubulin

Mitochondria are unique organelles in several ways. They contain a specific genome that allows them to code for their own proteins, and they can replicate to make more mitochondria within a cell. Which other characteristic makes mitochondria unique organelles?

They store calcium.

Their outer membrane is made up of lipid.

They contain enzymes and proteins.

They have a double membrane, creating two separate compartments.

they have a double membrane, creating two separate compartments.

Which is NOT a type of cell junction?

tight junctions

adherens junctions

gap junctions

desmosomes

loose junctions

loose junctions.

The type of protein found in gap junctions is the

cadherin.

claudin.

connexin.

integrin.

occludin.

connexin

Which is NOT a primary tissue type?

neural tissue

connective tissue

osseous tissue

epithelial tissue

muscle tissue

osseous tissue

Which is NOT a function of epithelia?

movement

storing energy reserves

providing physical protection

producing specialized secretions

regulating exchange

storing energy reserves

Exocrine glands

may work as single cells or as a multicellular organ.

release their secretions into the external environment.

may release their secretions through open tubes, called ducts.

may make either mucous or serous secretions.

All of the statements are true.

all of the statements are true.

The simple squamous epithelial lining of blood vessels is called

luteal cells.

the vasa recta.

endothelium.

basolateral epithelium.

None of the answers are correct.

endothelium.

Loose connective tissue

surrounds muscles and nerves.

attaches muscle to bone.

supports small glands.

All of the answers are correct.

supports small glands

The simplest cell-cell junction is called a(n)

anchoring junction.

neuromuscular junction.

gap junction.

desmosome.

tight junction.

gap junction.

Which plays a role in temperature regulation in infants?

bone

white fat

brown fat

cartilage

collagen

brown fat

Chondrocytes secrete a firm but flexible matrix to form what tissue?

cartilage

loose connective tissue

bone

fat

blood

cartilage

The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as

cytoplasm.

micelles.

blood.

extracellular matrix.

mucous.

extracellular matrix

Which statement about mitochondria is FALSE?

The intermembrane space is used in the production of ATP.

Mitochondria contain their own DNA and RNA.

Mitochondria can replicate themselves only when directed by the cell's nuclear DNA.

Mitochondria are responsible for providing energy to the cell.

The outer mitochondrial membrane is responsible for its shape.

mitochondria can replicate themselves only when directed by the cell’s nuclear DNA.

This type of epithelia is found in the epidermis, esophagus, and mouth, and these stacked layers of cells prevent exchange, while they resist chemicals, bacteria, and other destructive forces.

exchange

transport

ciliated

protective

secretory

protective

This type of epithelia actively and selectively regulates the exchange of nongaseous material, such as ions and nutrients, and can be regulated in response to various stimuli.

exchange

transport

ciliated

protective

secretory

transport

This type of epithelia is made up of thin, flattened cells that allow the rapid passage of O₂ and CO₂ in and out of the lungs and of certain blood vessels.

exchange

transport

ciliated

protective

secretory

exchange

Where would ciliated epithelial be found?

In the intestines

In medium-sized veins

In the trachea

In the kidneys

in the trachea

Which tissue would likely have cells with the greatest number of gap junctions?

Epidermis

Cardiac muscle

Bone

The mucosal layer of the GI tract

cardiac muscle

Which connective tissue has more protein fibers than ground substance?

Loose connective tissue

Adipose tissue

Dense, irregular connective tissue

Bone

dense, irregular connective tissue

The term meaning "programmed cell death" is

cytocide.

apoptosis.

necrosis.

oncogenesis.

diuresis.

apoptosis

Undifferentiated cells in a tissue that can become specialized cells of that tissue, but NOT of other tissues, are __________ cells.

pluripotent

stem

multipotent

totipotent

multipotent