Functional Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the functional anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system, specifically focusing on the shoulder complex and arm.

Shoulder Complex

A structure formed by bones, joints, and muscles that facilitate movement in the arm.

Acromion

A bony process on the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.

Clavicle

A long, slender bone that lies horizontally and connects the arm to the body.

Sternum

A flat bone at the midline of the anterior chest wall.

Manubrium

The uppermost part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicle.

Xiphoid Process

The cartilaginous lower part of the sternum that ossifies during adulthood.

Glenohumeral Joint

A ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Rotator Cuff

A group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.

Scapulothoracic Joint

A functional joint between the scapula and the thoracic rib cage.

Biceps Brachii

A muscle that has two heads and is involved in flexing the elbow joint.

Force Couples

Groups of muscles that work together to create stability or movement.

Axilla

An anatomical region beneath the shoulder joint that contains important blood vessels and nerves.

Supraspinatus

A muscle that stabilizes the shoulder and is one of the rotator cuff muscles.

Deltoid Muscle

The muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder.

Coracohumeral Ligament

A ligament that connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus.

Scapulohumeral Rhythm

The coordinated movement between the scapula and humerus during arm elevation.

Brachial Plexus

A network of nerves that supply the upper limb.

Subscapularis

A rotator cuff muscle responsible for medial rotation of the shoulder.

Acromioclavicular Joint

The joint where the acromion of the scapula meets the clavicle.

Sternal Angle

The angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum.