CLAT Post Flashcards

This document contains flashcards with key information about topics and recent events.

Describe Tamil Nadu's opposition to the Three-Language Policy under NEP 2020.

Tamil Nadu has declined to implement key parts of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, especially the three-language formula resulting in the central government withholding ₹573 crore in educational funds under the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA).

What is the three-language formula recommended in NEP 2020?

The three-language formula in NEP 2020 recommends that students learn three languages, at least two of which must be native to India. It applies to both government and private schools, giving states the flexibility to choose languages without any imposition.

What were the key suggestions of the University Education Commission (1948–1949), chaired by Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan?

This commission emphasised the importance of bilingualism for educated Indians and suggested that students at the higher secondary and university levels should be proficient in three languages: their regional language, the federal language (Hindi), and English.

What were the key recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964–1966) regarding language education?

Emphasising the importance of the child's first language in early education, encouraging the teaching of Hindi to promote national unity, and introducing another language, such as English or any other modern language, to enhance linguistic diversity and global communication skills.

What were the recommendations of the National Policy on Education of 1968 regarding the three-language formula for Hindi-speaking and Non-Hindi-speaking states?

Students should learn Hindi, English, and a modern Indian language, preferably from the southern regions. Non-Hindi-speaking states: Students should learn their regional language, Hindi, and English. The objective was to promote multilingualism and national integration.

What were the key recommendations of the Gujral Committee Report of 1975 regarding language education?

The Gujral Committee's report included recommendations to safeguard the rights of Urdu-speaking minorities, specifically those constituting more than 10% of the population.

What were the key proposals of the Ali Sardar Jafri Committee in 1990 regarding the three-language formula?

The Ali Sardar Jafri Committee proposed changes to the existing three-language formula, advocating for the inclusion of Urdu or other modern Indian languages alongside Hindi and English, with the goal of better accommodating linguistic minorities, particularly Urdu speakers.

What was the outcome of the widespread protests against compulsory Hindi education introduced in secondary schools of the Madras Presidency in 1937?

The protests led to the arrest of approximately 1,198 individuals, including women and children. The intensity of the protests compelled the government to withdraw the compulsory Hindi education policy in February 1940.

Which political party has recently raised concerns about duplicate EPIC numbers in electoral rolls?

The Trinamool Congress (TMC) has raised concerns about duplicate EPIC numbers, alleging manipulation of electoral rolls by the BJP.

When was the ERONET platform implemented and what was its purpose?

The ERONET platform was implemented in 2008 to replace the earlier manual processes of voter registration and to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the electoral roll database.

What did the Supreme Court stress in the Kuldip Nayar v. Union of India (2006) case regarding EVMs and voter transparency?

The Supreme Court stressed the need for greater transparency and accountability in the election process and suggested that the Election Commission of India (ECI) consider using the VVPAT system along with EVMs for improved transparency.

What was the key recommendation of the Inderjit Gupta Committee (1990) regarding voter registration?

The committee recommended the introduction of the Electors Photo Identity Card (EPIC) to address the issue of voter impersonation and to make the process more efficient.

What was the key recommendation of the Law Commission of India’s 255th Report (2015) regarding EVMs?

The Law Commission recommended the use of VVPAT (Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail) with EVMs to address the issue of transparency in the election process.

What is the main objective of the Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025 and which laws does it aim to repeal?

Modernize and consolidate India’s immigration laws, Repeals 4 outdated laws: Foreigners Act, 1946, Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939, Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, Immigration (Carriers' Liability) Act, 2000.

What points did Trinamool MP Saket Gokhale raise about duplicate EPIC numbers?

Saket Gokhale's Statement: Trinamool MP Saket Gokhale argued that the EPIC number is tied to the voter’s photo and that a duplicate EPIC would lead to photo mismatches, potentially denying voters the right to vote.

What are some criticisms of the Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025?

A simplistic definition of a foreigner as 'a person who is not a citizen of India,' which fails to consider modern complexities in migration, The Bill retains the reversal of the burden of proof from the Foreigners Act, placing the onus on the accused to prove they are not a foreigner, Lack of transparency leads to indefinite detentions.

What event has recently brought attention to the Khalistan movement in the UK?

The recent security breach during External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar’s visit to London on March 5, 2025, has brought attention to the ongoing Khalistani separatist movements in the UK.

When was the first explicit call for Khalistan made?

1940: The first explicit call for Khalistan was made through a pamphlet titled “Khalistan,” advocating for an independent Sikh homeland.

When and where was the International Sikh Youth Federation founded?

The International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) was founded on September 23, 1984, in Walsall, United Kingdom, by Jasbir Singh Rode, the nephew of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale.

What economic topic was a key focus of discussions during External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar’s 2025 visit to the UK?

The visit focused on strengthening relations and addressing key issues like trade agreements, Talks on a free trade agreement (FTA) are currently under discussion, with Jaishankar expressing optimism about the future pace of negotiations.

What formal request did India make to the US regarding Sikhs for Justice?

During discussions in March 2025 between Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and U.S. National Intelligence Chief Tulsi Gabbard, India formally requested that the U.S. designate SFJ as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation.

What is the Raisina Dialogue and who organizes it?

The Raisina Dialogue is an annual conference that brings together global leaders and experts to discuss geopolitics, geoeconomics, and critical international issues, Organised by the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) in partnership with the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.

Who served as the Chief Guest and delivered the keynote address at the Raisina Dialogue 2025?

Christopher Luxon, Prime Minister of New Zealand, served as the Chief Guest and delivered the keynote address.

What security concerns were addressed and what intentions were expressed by India regarding the Indian Ocean Region at the Raisina Dialogue?

India highlighted the importance of maintaining the Indian Ocean Region as a peaceful and secure trade corridor and expressed intentions to strengthen ties with small island nations in the region.

What key points were emphasized concerning counterterrorism strategies at the 4th Conference on Global Challenges and Intelligence-Sharing Mechanisms during the Raisina Dialogue 2025?

Participants emphasised the need for unified approaches to combat international terrorism, focusing on intelligence sharing and coordinated operations to dismantle terrorist networks.

Where and when did the encounter in the Bijapur District take place?

The operation took place in the dense forests near Andri village, situated along the border of Bijapur and Dantewada districts, commencing around 7am.

Who were the key leaders of the Naxalbari uprising?

The Naxalbari uprising was led by local communist leaders, notably Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and Jangal Santhal.

What were the key events and outcomes of the First Conflict(1947) of Khalistani resistance

Following the partition of British India in 1947, the princely state of Kalat, predominantly Baloch, declared independence. However, by March 1948, under pressure, the Khan of Kalat acceded to Pakistan.This decision was met with resistance from factions within Kalat.

What factors triggered the Fifth Conflict(2003-Present) of Khalistani resistance?

The early 2000s saw a revival of insurgent activities, driven by ongoing issues of political exclusion, economic exploitation, and human rights violations.The development of the Gwadar port and associated projects heightened fears of demographic changes and resource exploitation without local benefit.

What reassurance did Union Home Minister Amit Shah give Southern states regarding the delimitation process?

Union Home Minister Amit Shah reassured Southern states on February 26, 2025, stating that no state will face 'injustice' during the delimitation process.

How is the number of Lok Sabha seats determined for each state in India?

The number of Lok Sabha seats allocated to each state is primarily determined by the average population per parliamentary constituency.

What Articles of the Indian Constitution mandate the process of delimitation?

It is a constitutional mandate, outlined under Article 82 and Article 170 of the Indian Constitution, to be conducted after each Census to maintain fairness in representation.

How would delimitation affect the representation of Northern and Southern states?

Northern states, such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh, with larger populations, would gain significantly more seats under a population-based delimitation. Conversely, Southern states like Tamil Nadu and Kerala, which have controlled their population growth, would see a more modest increase, or even a decrease in their share of seats.

What was the primary reason for freezing delimitation, and which Constitutional Amendment was responsible for it?

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, passed during Emergency under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, froze the delimitation process until 2001 to control political imbalances due to unequal population growth across states.

What are the financial consequences of this opposition?

Reason for Opposition: Tamil Nadu refuses to implement NEP 2020 due to the three-language formula, preferring its two-language policy (Tamil & English).Reason for Financial Consequences: ₹2,152 crore in Samagra Shiksha funds withheld and the Government Stand: Centre insists states comply with NEP for SSA funding (60:40 ratio).

Which Indian Railway companies recently granted Navratna status?

The Indian government approved the Navratna status for two major Indian Railways companies—Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) and Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC)—on March 3, 2025.

What is the minimum score a CPSE must achieve to qualify for Navratna status?

If a CPSE scores 60 or higher across these six indicators and receives an Excellent or Very Good MOU rating for three of the last five years, it qualifies for the Navratna status.

Which government body is responsible for selecting CPSEs (Central Public Sector Enterprises) that qualify for Navratna status?

The Department of Public Enterprises (DPE), which is part of the Ministry of Finance, is responsible for selecting CPSEs that meet the criteria for Navratna status.

Where exactly was the Jaffar Express stopped on March 11, 2025?

The ten-coach Jaffar Express, which was headed to Peshawar from Quetta, was targeted between Pehro Kunri and Gadalar in the Bolan area of Kachhi district.

What conflict began following the partition of British india?

Began in 1947,Following the partition of British India in 1947, the princely state of Kalat, predominantly Baloch.Prince Abdul Karim initiated an armed rebellion, advocating for an independent Balochistan.Prince Karim eventually surrendered in 1950.

In what insurgency did the balochistan liberation front gain prominence for?

The BLF gained prominence during the 1973–1977 Baloch insurgency, in which it engaged in armed conflict against the Pakistani state, especially in the Marri and Mengal tribal areas.

When did Balochistan liberation front first gain national spotlight

The BLA first came into the national spotlight in 2000, following the assassination of Pakistani army officials and a series of bomb blasts in Quetta and surrounding areas.

In what decade did the Khalistan find significance international support?

The movement for a sovereign Sikh state (Khalistan) began in the 1970s and found significant international support, particularly in Britain, one of the main international centers for Khalistani separatism.

Which of the following is the correct theme of the Raisina Dialogue 2025?

The Indian Council of World Affairs; Ministry of Education; Observer Research Foundation; Indian Institute of Parliamentary Affairs

Who among the following is associated with promoting Khalistan cause

Key Personalities:
Jagjit Singh Chohan: Moved to UK (1970), promoted Khalistan globally
Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Charismatic leader, seen as militant face of movement