modern psych in hist perspective - theories of instincts

where did William McDougall do his medical studies?

London and Gottingen

where did McDougall teach?

London and Oxford University

why did McDougall emigrate to the US?

to replace Munsterberg

what did McDougall write?

Outline of Psychology and Outline of Abnormal Psychology

what did Watson believe triggered actions?

external stimuli

what did McDougall believe triggered actions?

internal instincts

why did Watson believe instincts were important?

for forming new habits, especially in small children

what did McDougall believe instincts were important for?

not just childhood but throughout entire lifespan

what level of behavior mechanisms did Watson believe instincts were?

minor

what level of behavior mechanisms did McDougall believe instincts were?

major

what does hormic psychology say?

basic instincts include escape, submission, combat, repulsion, assertion, curiosity, food seeking, hoarding, construction, mating, and parenting

how did Cattell identify the hormic basic instincts?

as ergs in his factor-analysis theory of personality traits

what is Cattell’s personality test known as?

the 16 PF

what are the three aspects of instincts?

cognitive, emotive, and behavioral

what is the cognitive aspect of instincts?

attending to certain objects

what is the emotive aspect of instincts?

feeling excitement toward certain objects

what is the behavioral aspect of instincts?

acting in a preprogrammed pattern

which aspects of instincts can be modified in humans?

cognitive and behavioral

how can instincts be modified in humans?

through social learning, appearing as desires, preferences, wishes, sentiments, and habits

what did McDougall say about the role of instincts?

habits are formed in the service of instincts

who did McDougall agree with on the role of instincts?

Freud

what did Freud say about the role of instincts?

biology is our destiny