john of damascus, on holy images, 8th century

iconophil

the council of 754, 8th century

iconoclast

Russian Primary Chronicle 12th century

a historical record of early Russian history, detailing the origins of the Rus' people and the Christianization of Kievan Rus'.

digenes akritas, 10-11th century

a legendary hero of Byzantine literature known for his valor and adventures along the Byzantine frontier.

chrysobull of basil ii to the venetians 10th century

A formal document issued by Byzantine Emperor Basil II granting trade privileges and tax exemptions to the Venetians, strengthening their commercial ties with the Byzantine Empire.

acts of pope innocent iii’s 4th lateran council 13th century

A series of decrees and canons established during the Fourth Lateran Council, addressing issues such as church reform, doctrine, and the regulation of clerical conduct, asserting papal authority.

letters of pope innocent iii, 13th century

Correspondence addressing various matters of church governance, policy, and the broader Christian community, reflecting the Pope's views on issues of the time.