Ch. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 - Body Systems

Chemical defenses of the skin

• Salt inhibiting microbes

• Lysozyme hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

• Fatty acids inhibiting pathogens

• Defensins as antimicrobial peptides

Bacterial diseases of the skin

• Staphylococcus

• Streptococcus

  • Produce invasive enzymes & toxins

Staphylococcal skin infections

• S, epidermidis

• S. aureus

Staphylococcus aureus infections are:

• Folliculitis

• Impetigo

• Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

• Toxic Shock Syndrome

Treatment for Staphylococcus infections?

Vancomycin

Streptococcal skin infections

• S. pyogenes

• Erysipelas

• Impetigo

• Necrotizing fasciitis

Acne is caused by

Cutibacterium acnes

Treatments for moderate-severe acne

• Accutane

• Erythromycin

• Benzoyl peroxide

Treatment of meningitis

Cephalosporins

What causes strep throat?

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Common upper respiratory diseases

• Common cold

• Pharyngitis

• Laryngitis

• Tonsillitis

• Sinusitis

• Epiglottitis

Lower respiratory diseases

• Tuberculosis

• Bronchitis

• Pneumonia

Intoxication in the GI is due to

Ingestion of a toxin

• S. aureus

• E. coli

Infection in the GI is due to

Growth of a pathogen

• Salmonella

• Shigella

Vaginitis is caused by

Candida albicans

Common vaginal infections

• Gardnerella vaginalis

• Mycoplasma hominis

Trichomoniasis is caused by

Trichomonas vaginalis (protozoan)

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid are what kind of disease

Bacterial

HPV, hepatitis, HIV-AIDS are what kind of disease

Viral

Pubic lice & scabies are what kind of disease

Arthropods

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

Flesh-eating disease

What is toxic shock syndrome?

• Toxin (superantigen) entering the bloodstream

• Often life-threatening

Skin viral infections

Chickenpox, measles, cold sores

What causes candidiasis?

Candida albicans

What is thrush?

Candidiasis but as a fungal infection in the mouth

What causes ringworm?

Dermatophyte

What is meningitis and what causes it?

Inflammation in the meninges

• Streptococcus pneumonia

• Haemophiles influenza

• Neisseria meningitides

• Listeria monocytogenes

What causes tetanus?

Clostridium tetani

Signs & symptoms of sepsis?

• Fever

• Low body temperature

• Rapid breathing

• Confusion

Gram-positive sepsis

Arises from skin, wounds, catheters

• Exotoxins

Gram-negative sepsis

Enteric or genitourinary sources

• Endotoxins

What causes scarlet fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What causes whooping cough?

Bordetella pertussis

What causes tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

What causes botulism?

Clostridium botulism

What causes cholera?

Vibrio cholerae

Normal flora in a female

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Normal flora in a male

• Staphylococcus epidermidis

• Enterococcus faecalis

• some Streptococcus

Common causes of UTI’s

• Bad hygiene

• Sexual intercourse

What causes gonorrhea?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

What causes syphilis?

Treponema pallidum

What causes warts in the genitals?

HPV

What causes genital herpes

HSV

What causes cervical cancer?

HPV