CIE IGCSE History - T1 PPQs - Treaty of Versailles

Why did Lloyd George not want to punish Germany harshly? [6]

• fear of German desire for revenge

• wish to restore trade with Germany

Who had to compromise more during the peace negotiations in Paris, Clemenceau or Wilson? Explain your answer. [10]

• Clemenceau - political and military compromises

• Clemenceau - territorial and economic compromises

• Wilson - political and military compromises

• Wilson - territorial and economic compromises

‘Loss of territory was the most serious consequence of the Versailles settlement for Germany.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

• loss of territory - humiliation

• loss of territory - economic damage

• military restrictions

• war guilt

Why did the Treaty of Versailles make France more secure? [6]

• weakened Germany militarily

• weakened Germany economically

Why were plebiscites included in the peace settlement? [6]

• to avoid war and maintain peace

• to respect self-determination

How far do you agree that Clemenceau achieved his aims at Versailles? Explain your answer. [10]

• agree: Germany weakened politically and militarily

• agree: Germany weakened economically

• disagree - Germany still potentially major economic power

• disagree - Germany still territorially dominant in Central Europe

‘President Wilson was bitterly disappointed by the outcome of the peace negotiations at Versailles.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

• agree: Germany humiliated politically and militarily - risk of revenge

• agree: Germany humiliated territorially - risk of revenge

• disagree: German aggression of 1914 punished

• disagree: League set up

‘The Treaty of Versailles was unjust.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

• unjust: Germany blamed alone - war guilt clause

• unjust - Germany humiliated militarily and territorially

• just - made example of Germany for aggression of 1914

• just - allied nations had suffered greatly - Britain and France

Why were the people of Germany outraged by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? [6]

• war guilt and reparations

• military and territorial terms

‘Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Wilson went into the peace negotiations in Paris with similar aims.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

• agree - make example of Germany for aggression of 1914

• agree - weaken Germany to prevent another war

• disagree - self-determination (WW - Yes, LG+C - No)

• disagree - revenge (C-Yes, WW+LG-no)

Why did the Treaty of Versailles cause difficulties for Germany up to 1923? [6]

• economic difficulties

• political difficulties - right-wing attacks

‘The Paris peacemakers did as well as could be expected in the circumstances of 1919-20.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

• agree - public opinion

• agree - leader’s different priorities

• disagree - mistake to humiliate Germany

• disagree - mistake to deny the Germans self-determination

Why did the Treaty of Versailles cause economic problems in Germany up to 1923? [6]

• reparations (and military restrictions?)

• loss of territory and industry

Why was Lloyd George unhappy with Wilson’s Fourteen Points? [6]

• view self-determination as threat to empire

• viewed freedom of the seas as threat to naval supremacy

‘The German reaction to the Treaty of Versailles was not justified.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

• agree - not justified due to aggression of 1914 and damage caused

• agree - not justified due to hypocrisy - Brest-Litovsk treaty

• disagree - justified due to political and military humiliation

• disagree - justified due to territorial and economic losses

Why did the Allies exclude Germany from the peace negotiations? [6]

• to punish Germany for aggression of 914

• to make sure peace settlement was on Allied terms

Why did Wilson want a ‘League of nations'? [6]

• to discourage aggression

• to preserve peace - collective security

Why could Germany’s reaction to the Treaty of Versailles be seen as unreasonable?

• aggression of 1914 and damage done

• hypocrisy - Brest-Litovsk

Why did Lloyd George not want a harsh treaty to be imposed on Germany? [6]

• fear of German desire for revenge

• wish to restore trade with Germany

‘Military restrictions were the main reason for German dissatisfaction with the terms of Treaty of Versailles.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

• agree - humiliation of major military power - tradition

• agree - unable to defend border - DMZ rhineland

• disagree - war guilt and loss of territory - allied hypocrisy

• disagree - economic harm - loss of industry, reparations