BMS1011 WK2L1 Part C flashcards

Carbonyl

A functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

Aldehyde

A compound containing a carbonyl group with at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbon atom.

Ketone

A compound containing a carbonyl group with two carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom of the carbonyl.

Carboxylic Acid

A functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH) both attached to the same carbon atom.

Ester

A compound formed from the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by a carbonyl (C=O) and an ether (C–O) linkage.

Amide

A compound derived from a carboxylic acid where the hydroxyl group is replaced by an amine or ammonia.

Oxidation

A reaction that involves the loss of electrons or a decrease in the hydrogen-to-carbon bond ratio.

Reduction

A reaction that involves the gain of electrons or an increase in the hydrogen-to-carbon bond ratio.

Peptide Bond

A covalent bond formed between two amino acids when the carboxyl group of one reacts with the amino group of another, resulting in an amide.

Primary Alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to only one other carbon atom.

Tertiary Alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is connected to three other carbon atoms, thus cannot be oxidized.

Functional Group

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.

Nomenclature

The systematic naming of chemical compounds according to rules established by scientific organizations.

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in redox reactions, which can accept electrons and become reduced to NADH.

Hydrogen Bonding

A type of attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Acetic Acid

A common name for ethanoic acid, a carboxylic acid with the formula CH3COOH.