Teeth & Throat (Cram)

Are dogs carnivores or omnivores?

Omnivores

What are the two main types of digestive tracts?

1. Ruminants

2. Monogastrics

Describes the diet of ruminants

Herbivores

Describes the diet of monogastrics

Herbivores, omnivores, or carnivores

Sub–category of herbivorous monogastrics with a very large cecum

Cecants

Another term for the gastrointestinal tract

Alimentary tract

Taking hold of food and putting it in the mouth

Prehension

Chewing, or mechanically breaking food into smaller sized pieces

Mastication

Anatomical word for swallowing

Deglutition

Chemical breakdown of food

Digestion

Act of taking nutrients and water into the blood stream from the GI tract

Absorption

Final act of pushing waste out of the GI tract

Elimination

In order what are the six functions of the digestive system?

1. Prehension

2. Mastication

3. Deglutition

4. Digestion

5. Absorption

6. Elimination

What three functions of the GI tract are carried out in the mouth?

1. Prehension

2. Mastication

3. Digestion

Anatomical word for lips

Labia

Refers to all teeth in the upper or lower jaws

Arcades

Which type of animal (diet) has teeth with pointed occlusal surfaces?

Carnivore

Which type of animal (diet) has teeth with flat occlusal surfaces?

Herbivore

Teeth that are the most cranial or rostral in the animal

Incisors

Instead of upper incisors, what is the thick connective tissue pad that ruminants have?

Dental pad

Teeth on either side of the incisors, long and sharp in omnivores and carnivores

Canine teeth

Teeth directly behind (closer to throat) the canine teeth

Premolars

Teeth directly behind (closer to throat) the premolars

Molars

Represents how many teeth of each type a normal animal of that species has

Dental formula

Anatomical name for milk/baby teeth

Deciduous teeth

Anatomical name for adult teeth

Permanent teeth

Type of animal (diet) that has permanent teeth that continue to erupt throughout their lifetime

Herbivore

Large lower first molars and upper forth premolars in cats and dogs, have three roots each

Carnassial teeth

Where the blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth at the bottom

Apex

Formed by the blood vessels and nerves in the center of the tooth

Pulp

Hard dense tissue that surrounds the pulp

Dentin

Hardest material in the body, surrounds the dentin

Enamel

Anatomical name for gums

Gingiva

What are the five functions of saliva?

1. Makes food easier to chew and swallow

2. Contains digestive enzymes

3. Flushes mouth to reduce bacterial growth

4. Evaporates when panting

5. Has alkaline chemicals to buffer acids in rumen

Enzyme in the saliva of omnivores and herbivores that digests starches

Amylase

Nerves of what system control secretions from the salivary glands?

Parasympathetic nervous system

What is the name of the salivary gland located under the ear?

Parotid salivary gland

What reflex occurs when any material enters the pharynx?

Swallowing/ deglutition

What structure closes the larynx so that swallowed food can't enter the lungs?

Epiglottis

Tube that guides and propels swallowed materials into the stomach

Esophagus

Epithelial lining of the esophagus

Mucosa

Space in the middle of the esophagus

Lumen

Layer of smooth muscle in the esophagus that constricts to move material down

Circular muscle layer

Layer of smooth muscle in the esophagus that shortens the esophagus and makes the lumen open wider

Longitudinal muscle layer

Tough connective tissue layer on the outside of the esophagus, prevents it from stretching too much

Serosa