Cells: Plant and Animal Cells

Nucleus

Controls the cell and contains DNA (genetic information)

Cell Membrane

This is the barriers around the cell it controls what comes in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

This is the jelly like substance where the chemical reactions in the cell take place.

Mitochondria

This is where respiration happens. Respiration is a chemical reaction uses Oxygen, combines it with the glucose you eat and transfers energy to your cells.

Cell Wall

Strengthens the cell and provides support. It is made of a tough fibre called cellulose which makes the wall rigid.

Vacuoles

Contains a watery liquid called cell sap it keeps the cell firm.

Chloroplasts

This is where photosynthesis happens. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that makes food for the plant using sunlight.

Chloroplast contains a green substance called chlorophyll which traps energy from sunlight.

What is the difference between a plant and an animal cell ?

Plant cells have a cell wall, a vacuole and chloroplast animal cells do not.

Cellular respiration

Glucose + Oxygen ----> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY

Photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + water---->(sunlight + chlorophyl)l--> glucose (sugar) + oxygen

Chlorophyll

The green pigment inside chloroplasts that absorbs the sun's energy for photosynthesis

Mitosis

The division of two cells into two identical daughter cells.

Lysosomes

The lysosomes contain enzymes that break down biomolecules. They act as the cell's waste disposal.

Ribosomes

The ribosomes are made of protein and RNA. They convert genetic material into protein.

Golgi Apparatus

a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell

Chromosomes

Direct cell activities, Exist in the nucleus.

Nuclear membrane

Surround and protect the nucleus, Control the movement of materials into and out of the nucleus, Exist in the nucleus

cell

the basic unit of structure and function in living things

organelles

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.

endoplasmic reticulum

Transports materials throughout the cell through tunnels. Two kinds, smooth and rough.

microscope

instrument used to observe cells

macromolecules

when many small molecules join together

carbohydrates

long chains of sugar molecules

nucleic acids

long chains of nucleotides that contain genetic information

proteins

long chains of amino acids

lipids

act as barriers because they don't dissolve in water

eukaryotic cells

cells that have membranes around the organelles they contain

Cell Theory

Living things are made of cells, cell is the smallest unit of life, cells come from preexisting cells

ATP

fuel for cellular processes

lysosomes

organelles that act as recyclers