GENERAL BIOLOGY

(Mix of Quiz, Prelim, Midterm)

The fundamental unit of life is the ______.

Cell

Which type of microscope uses electrons to provide a three-dimensional view of the surface of the object?

Scanning the electron microscope

Which type of microscope has a useful magnification limit of about 1,000XP?

Light microscope

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Cell wall are found inside the plasma membrane of the cell

The ______ membrane separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding environment.

Plasma

Which of the following organelles has a double membrane with pores?

The information center of the cell is the ______.

Nucleus

A threadlike material called chromatin is located within the ______.

Nucleus

Where is ribosomal RNA produced?

nucleoli

_______ is/are the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

T OR F : Polyribosomes are groups of ribosomes occurring free within the cytoplasm.

True

T OR F: At the time of cell division, rodlike structures called chromatin will form within the nucleus.

False

Which type of organelle forms a membranous system of tubular canals, which is continuous with the nuclear envelope and branches throughout the cytoplasm?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Which organelle contains enzymes that modify proteins and lipids?

Golgi Apparatus

Which organelle synthesizes proteins for export or repackaging elsewhere?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

What is the correct organelle sequence for the export of material out of a cell?

Golgi Apparatus > Rough ER > Smooth ER

Which organelle looks like a stack of hollow pancakes?

Chloroplast

The ________ function(s) in the packaging, storage, and distribution of molecules produced by the ER.

Golgi Apparatus

Which plant organelles function as storage areas for water, sugars, salts, pigments, and toxic substances?

Vesicles

Which plant organelle will provide added support to the cell?

Vacuole

Lysosomes are vesicles formed by the ________.

Golgi Apparatus

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules?

Lysomes

Which organelle is used when the fingers of a human embryo are at first webbed but later freed from one another?

Golgi Apparatus

T OR F: Vacuoles are more prominent in plant cells than in animal cells.

True

Study this reaction: carbohydrate + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy. This chemical transformation is called ________.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Which comparison between plant and animal cells is NOT correct?

Plants: Centrioles Animal: No Centrioles

Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct?

Chloroplasts > Chlorophyll

Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

Nucleolus > Protein synthesis

Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

Lysome > Energy converting organelle

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

DNA enclosed by a nuclear envelope

Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: DNA is replicated at this time of the cell cycle.

S phase

Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: the shortest part of the cell cycle.

M

Imagine looking through a microscope at a squashed onion root tip. The chromosomes of many of the cells are plainly visible. In some cells, replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of the cell. These particular cells are in which stage of mitosis?

Metaphase

Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase?

G0

In which phase of mitosis do centromeres uncouple, sister chromatids are separated, and the two new chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell?

Anaphase

Match the following key event of meiosis with one of the stages listed below: Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur.

Prophase I

The centromere is a region in which:

Chromatids are attached to one another

In animals, somatic cells are produced by mitosis and ____ are produced by meiosis.

Gametes

You have in your possession a microscope slide with meiotic cells on it and a light microscope. What would you look for if you wanted to identify metaphase I cells on the slide?

Tetrads lined up at the center

How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?

A, B & C

Which of the following is true of the process of meiosis?

Four haploid cells result

Match the following statement: The process is preceded by the replication of the DNA.

Statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I

Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants:

A cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas animals a cleavage furrow ins initiated at that stage

Match the following key event of meiosis with one of the stages listed below: Centromeres of sister chromatids uncouple and chromatids separate.

Anaphase II

Select the term most closely related to the following phrase: Nerve and muscle cells are in this phase.

G0

Match the following statement: A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical.

The statement is true for mitosis only

If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells have?

12

Which of the following terms belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata?

Crossing over

Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Prophase I

What is the name for the special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together?

Centromere

When a molecule enters a cell via the proteins on its membrane, it has undergone:

Facilitated diffusion

An IV tube attached to someone in a hospital would contain 0.9% saline in it

True

Male sex chromosome abnormalities can be due to abnormal numbers of ______ chromosome.

either X or Y

Which of the following statement about mitosis is incorrect?

Chromosomes separate during anaphase due to the interaction of polar microtubules from opposite poles pushing against each other

In which phase, each chromosome replicates to produce two sister chromatids?

Interphase

The nuclear envelope grows from the both poles of each chromatid during

Telophase

Which of the following checkpoints is associated with the onset of the nuclear envelope, chromosome alignment, and spindle fiber attachment?

Telophase

The ______ checkpoint, cell growth is controlled.

G1 Phase

A nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids once

Telophase

Cells which no longer divide (such as certain specialized cells found in the human brain) remain in which phase of the cell cycle?

G0 phase

Plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells have a large amount of

Cholesterol, Phospholipid, Fluidity and Protein (All of the above)

Diffusion rate depends on

Concentration Gradient and Kinetic Energy

Which of the following processes requires the cell to expend metabolic energy directly (for example from ATP)?

Active transport

Which of the following is an example of a carrier-mediated transport?

Facilitated diffusion

A cell takes in dissolved materials by forming tiny vesicles around fluid droplets trapped by folds of the plasma membrane. This process is a

Pinocytosis

Which of the following is the primary growth phase of a cell?

G1 Phase

The G1 phase is

The state of most cells in the animal body

A centromere is

Another name for kinetochore, The structure to which microtubules attach, A constriction on a chromosome bound to a disk. (All of the above)

The pinching off of the cell membrane that creates two new cells (after mitosis) is called

Cytokinesis

What is the name of the microtubule fibers that pull the sister chromatids apart?

Spindle Fibers

What is the name of the attachment point between sister chromatids in a chromosome?

Centromeres

Telophase

Anaphase

Prophase

Metaphase

What is the name of the structures responsible for generating the spindle fibers?

Centrioles

The spindle forms in the

M phase

Chromatin fibers include

DNA and protein

The term S phase refers to

DNA synthesis during interphase

In an animal cell at mitotic phase, you would expect to find two

A pair of centrioles within each microtubule-organizing center

Cell plate formation usually begins during

Telophase in a plant cell

From soil, inorganic ions can be loaded in root hair through

Active Transport

Bulk uptake of liquid is an example of

Pinocytosis

Reabsorption of useful molecules or ions in kidneys occur through

Active Transport

Engulfing of bacteria by white blood cells is called as

Phagocytosis

The process in which the movement of materials across a membrane requires energy is

Active Transport

Process that moves any material from high concentrations to low concentrations is called

Diffusion

A solution that has a greater concentration than a cell, it would be a ______ solution.

Hypertonic

What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A solution with 1.5% saline in it would be considered:

Hypertonic