summary of metabolic reactions

Cellular respiration

Reactions that together complete the oxidation of glucose, yielding Co2, H2O, and ATP

Glycolysis

Converts glucose into pyruvic acid

Glycogenesis

Polymerizes glucose to form glycogen

Glycogenolysis

Hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose monomers

Gluconeogenesis

Forms glucose from non carbohydrate precursors

Krebs cycle

Completely breaks down pyruvic acid to Co2, yielding small amounts of ATP and reduced coenzymes

Electron transport chain

Splits H removed during oxidation’s to H+ and e- and creates a proton gradient used to bond ADP to P forming ATP

Beta oxidation

Converts fatty acids to acetyl CoA

Lipolysis

Breaks down lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

Lipogenesis

Forms lipids from acetyl CoA and glyceraldehyde phosphate

Transamination

Transforms an amine group from an amino acid to a ketoglutatic acid, thereby transforming ketoglutatic acid to glutamic acid

Oxidative deamination

Removes an amine group from glutamic acid as ammonia and regenerates ketoglutaric acid (the liver converts NH(ammonia) to urea)