BIO 218 Mental Illness and Cognitive Disorders

psychiatrist

MD or DO, diagnosis and treatment of mental illness

psychologist

PhD, study of abnormal and normal behavior

DSM-V

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental illness

emotional state

a behavior that is conditioned through reinforcement, how you feel

affect

outward expression of the emotional state

co-morbid disorders

presence of two or more conditions in the same individual at the same time, common with mental illnesses

schizophrenia

a disconnection from reality, cognitive issues, communication issues, emotional control issues, relationship issues diagnosis: delusions, hallucinations, reduction in affect, anhedonia

anhedonia

inability to enjoy something

developmental disorders

physical change to the brain, intellectual disability, dementia, tic disorder, disruptive behavior disorder, sensory integration disorder, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD

intellectual disability

Physical limitation of cognition, lack of development of the frontal lobe

dementia

Deficit in memory, language, or mood; aphasia - loss of language

broca’s aphasia

inability to turn thoughts into words

wernicke’s aphasia

inability to turns words into thoughts

tic disorder

sudden, rapid, involuntary movement or vocalization, tourettes, transient tic disorder (kids), chronic tic disorder

disruptive behavior disorder

damage to amygdala, disrespectful, aggressive, antisocial, defiant, common with chronic alcohol abuse

sensory integration disorder

problem with thalamus, misprocessing of stimuli (bad feels good, good feels bad)

autism spectrum disorder

overperformance of reticular formation, hyperfocus, extreme sensitivity, and social limitations

attention deficit/hyperactive disorder

underperformance of reticular formation, lack of focus, overstimulated

mood disorders

an imbalance in affect, manic disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, flat affective disorder

manic disorder

rare because it’s physically exhausting, high affect

major depressive disorder

low affect, types: post-partum, seasonal affective disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, dysthymia - persistent depression/functional depression, clinical depression - cannot function

bipolar disorder

too much manic and depressive fluctuations

flat affective disorder

not enough fluctuation in affect, no reaction, unemotional, could be repression and things can bubble under the surface

anxiety disorders

abnormal tensions that interfere with life, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia disorder, specific phobia disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder

social anxiety disorder

public gatherings

agoraphobia disorder

Inescapable locations, hate being in crowds, sit by the door, hates wide open spaces (no exit)

specific phobia disorder

Excessive fear that interferes with their life

generalized anxiety disorder

Severe, persistent worries, interferes with eating and sleep cycles

panic disorder

extreme response to stimuli, panic attacks

obsessive compulsive disorder

routine, detail obsessed

post-traumatic stress disorder

Excessive dwelling on a trauma, could be physical or emotional, anhedonia because they’re neurologically exhausted

eating disorders

imbalance in caloric intake, hypothalamus controls appetite or cerebral emotional override, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, compulsive eating disorder

anorexia nervosa

Starvation behavior, causes decresed bone mass, anemia, cardiac problems, blood pressure issues, etc

bulimia nervosa

Bing and purge, food cannot be absorbed through tissues, causes acid reflux, damage teeth enamel, damage sphincters of rectum and colon

compulsive eating disorders

eat beyond satiety

substance abuse disorders

use of mood-altering substances to personal detriment, addiction, tolerance, withdrawal

addicition

physical - neurochemical pathways change their tolerance levels in response to constant stimulus, psychological - no tolerance shift

tolerance

Decreased sensitivity, neurons need more stimulus to get the same effect

withdrawal effects

due to going cold turkey, delirium tremens - neurons fire inappropriately, causing abnormal sensations and perceptions

personality disorders

a persistent, inflexible pattern of behavior that affects interpersonal relationships, requires axis 1 diagnosis first, person usually refutes the diagnosis, schizotypal, schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive personality

schizotypal

bad with relationships

schizoid

cold, isolated, withdrawn

paranoid

suspicious and hostile

antisocial

disrespectful, manipulative

borderline

unstable, needy, clingy, commonly develop bipolar

histrionic

exaggerated or theatrical, pathological liars, Munchausens

narcissistic

self-absorbed, egocentric

avoidant

want to belong, but shy and timid, social phobia

dependent

low self-image, don’t trust their own opinion or judgement, do what others tell them to

obsessive-compulsive personality

Meticulous and intolerant, horrible team players because they don’t trust someone else to do it as good as they will, don’t want to turn stuff in because they can do it better