AP CSP REVIEW

AP Computer Science

Creative Commons

used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created

Intellectual Property

A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.

Open Access

online research output free of any and all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use, such as copyright or license restrictions

Open Source

programs that are made freely available and may be redistributed and modified

Certificate authority

issue digital certificates that validate the ownership of encryption keys used in secure communications and are based on a trust model .

Pair Programming

a collaborative programming style in which two programmers switch between the roles of writing code and tracking or planning high level progress

Linear Search

a search algorithm which checks each element of a list, in order, until the desired value is found or all elements in the list have been checked.

Binary Search

a search algorithm that starts at the middle of a sorted set of numbers and removes half of the data; this process repeats until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated.

Reasonable Time

Algorithms with a polynomial efficiency or lower (constant, linear, square, cube, etc.) are said to run in a reasonable amount of time.

Unreasonable Time

Algorithms with exponential or factorial efficiencies are examples of algorithms that run in an unreasonable amount of time.

Heuristic

provides a "good enough" solution to a problem when an actual solution is impractical or impossible

Undecidable Problem

a problem for which no algorithm can be constructed that is always capable of providing a correct yes-or-no answer

Parallel Computing

a model in which programs are broken into small pieces, some of which are run simultaneously

Distributed Computing

a model in which programs are run by multiple devices

Speedup

the time used to complete a task sequentially divided by the time to complete a task in parallel

Citizen Science

scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices.

Data bias

data that does not accurately reflect the full population or phenomenon being studied

Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them.

Rogue Access Point

a wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks.

Encryption

a process of encoding messages to keep them secret, so only "authorized" parties can read it.

Decryption

a process that reverses encryption, taking a secret message and reproducing the original plain text.

Symmetric Key Encryption

involves one key for both encryption and decryption.

Public Key Encryption

pairs a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The sender does not need the receiver's private key to encrypt a message, but the receiver's private key is required to decrypt the message

asymmetric encryption

two keys are used; one key encodes the message, and the other key decodes the message

Keylogging

the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information

Phishing

a technique that attempts to trick a user into providing personal information.

Copyright

the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

Certificate Authority

certifies the safety of a particular website.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet.

Open Souce Software

Free software that is available to download because the 'source code' is created by anybody who is able to and not by a single company.