Vertebrates ( Fish & Amphibians) | Life Sci 11

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30 Terms

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chordates

organisms with:

  • notecord

  • a flexible rod supporting the back

  • a nerve cord

  • slits in their throat area (*most chordates are vertebrates)

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vertebrate

animal with a backbone that is part of an endoskeleton - it supports the body, protects organs, and gives muscles a place to attach

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ectotherm

body does NOT produce internal heat (ex: fishes, amphibians, reptiles)

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endotherm

DOES regulate its own tempurature by controlling internal heat

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fish

ectotherms that live in water

  • have fins

  • obtains oxygen thorugh gills

  • have sales

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catilaginous fish

fish that have jaws and scales + skeletons made of cartilage (ex: sharks, rays)

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jawless fish

fish that have NO jaws or scales with skeletons made of cartilage (ex: lamprey & hagfish)

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bony fish

has; jaws, scales, a skeleton of hard bones, and a pocket on each side of head that holds gills

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swim bladder

organ that is a gas-filled sac - helps fish stay stable at different depths

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amphibians

ectothermic vertebrate that spends early life in water and adulthood on land (ex: salamanders, frogs, toads)

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(amphibian) lungs

breathe on land but can also exchange 02 and CO2 through the skin

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(most amphibians undergo) metamorphosis

legs and lungs develop for adult life - heart is three-chambered (double circulation system) with atria and ventricles

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reptiles

  • ectothermic | lungs, scaly skin - skin, kidneys, and eggs are adapted to conserve water

  • have kidneys | filters water from blood with the waste being excreted as urine

  • have internal fertilization | produces amniotic eggs/an egg with a shell and internal membranes that keep embryo moist

  • lay their eggs on land

  • 3 major groups | lizards & snakes, alligators & crocodiles, turtles

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lizards & snakes (reptiles)

skin covered with overlapping scales | lizards have 4 legs, snakes have 0

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alligators & crocodiles (reptiles)

large carnivrous (meat eating) reptiles that care for their young

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turtles (reptile)

body covered by a protective shell that includes ribs and backbone

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birds

endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart - lays eggs

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(birds) adaptations for flight

  • strong, hollow bones, high energy diet, large efficient heart, lungs with air sacs

  • wings have shape, movement, and surface area to enable light

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contour feathers

streamlined shape & color

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down feathers

insulating layer under contour

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birds are adapted fopr living in diverse environments

shapes of:

  • legs

  • claws

  • beaks (bills)

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mammals

endothermic vertebrates with 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur/hair

  • most are born alive

  • young are fed with milk from mother’s mammery glands

  • have specialized teeth

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herbivores

plant eating mammals - have incisors that cut and molars that grind

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carnivors

meat eaters - have sharp canines that tear flesh

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omnivores

both plan and animal eaters - using variety of teeth

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have body systems: (characteristics)

  1. well developed lungs

  2. 4 champered heart & 2 loop circulatory system

  3. large brain & compplex nervous system

  4. specialized ways of moving - walk, run, hop, swing, glide, fly, and swim

  5. internal fertilization

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which MAIN groups have body systems

  1. monotremes

  2. marsupials

  3. placental mammals

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monotremes

egg laying mammals - lack nipples (ex: spiny anteater & duck billed platypus)

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marsupials

mammals that give biorth during early stage of development - then later develp in mother’s pouch (ex: kangaroos)

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placental mammals

developed from embryo - diverse based on how they eat & move