Chemistry Chapter 16-17

Electroplating

Electrolytic cells can be used to form a thin coating of metal on an object

Voltaic Cells

types of batteries used to power flashlights, watches, and portable electronic devices

Salt bridge

tube filled with a nonreactive electrolyte takes the place of the porous divider in equalizing the charges.

Rechargeable cell

Electricity is used to recharge it

Fuel cell

needs hydrogen and oxygen

Radioactivity

energy release from certain elements and isotopes

Nuclear chemistry

study of reactions involving the nucleus

Stable

stays the same

Unstable

have a tendency to spontaneously shed subatomic particles or otherwise break apart

Nuclear radiation

Anything that radiates from the Nucleus

Radioactive

tend to undergo nuclear decay and thereby emit nuclear radiation

Nuclide

a specific type of atom described by both its atomic number and mass number

Strong nuclear force

The force that binds the nucleus together

Radioactive decay

conversion of one nuclide into another in a spontaneous nuclear reaction

Nuclear mass defect

the mass of every atom is measurably less than the total mass of its individual particles

Law of conservation of matter and energy

matter and energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Nuclear binding energy

energy equivalent of the mass defect

Electron volt

kinetic energy gained by an electron when it is accelerated through 1 V of electrical potential.