History--The scramble for Africa (Pt 1)

What did European countries do?

Conquered and colonised on every continent.

What is colonialism?

The occupation and control of one nation by another

During which century did Europe colonize and control the land and lives of people in Africa?

Late 19th century

What was the colonization of Africa called?

The scramble for Africa

Explain the term “The scramble for Africa” and why “scramble” is used in this context

“The scramble for Africa” refers to the time in which multiple European powers frantically tried to conquer the African continent. Scramble was used to display on how each european empire was crazy and rushed to take over Africa.

Name 7 countries that took over Africa

Britain

France

Portugal

Germany

Belgium

Italy

Spain

Which countries remained independent during this colonialism

Ethiopia

Liberia

Why did Ethiopia and Liberia remain independent?

Ethiopia—Used their Ancient Christian History as a excuse not to be colonised

Liberia—Used their freedom not to be colonised

True or false? People lived in Africa longer than anyone else in the world.

True.

Who ruled Africa up until the late 19th century

Africans

Explain the relationship between the Africans before European colonialism

Ordinary societies hunted, gathered, herded, and farmed animals for thousands of years. They were sometimes at peace and sometimes went to war.

Give 2 great features that happened in Africa

The trading of the Kingdoms of Egypt , Mapungubwe , Great Zimbabwe and Mali

-The trading routes of the Swahili into Africa across the Indian Ocean

Why did most people in Northern Africa convert to Islam?

Because of trade. Since they were close to Muslim countries, they traded with them. The muslims offered a cheaper trading price to fellow Muslims so northern africa converted to Islam to gain this advantage.

When was the Berlin Conference

1884

What was the customs tax?

Tax Paid every single time A border was crossed

What was first by the Europeans to try a avoid this and what was the result

They tried sailing west around the world. They failed and bumped into the west Indies

What did the VOC use Africa to go to?

India for Spices and slaves

Who was the only country who knew how to get across the tip of Africa

Portuguese

What was the difficulty for European powers trying to get across the tip of Africa

They faced currents that would blow them in the opposite direction.

How did the VOC discover the Portuguese’s tactics

One of the Dutch working for the Portuguese stole one of their tactic planners and took them to the VOC.

What was the inside of Africa often referred to as, and why?

Deepest Darkest Explorers

Only the coast of Africa had been explored by that time for Trading Routes

Who was the chancellor of Prussia?

Otto van Bimarck

Why was the Berlin Conference held?

To discuss the division of Africa so taht war would not break out amongst them.

What were the rules of the Berlin Conference?

You have to lay a flag upon your territory

A army has to be present

You have to cooperate with the chiefs in the area

What would be the consequences if these rules weren’t followed

Any fellow enemy can claim the land for themselves.

Why were Africans not invited?

The European powers did not recognize their sovereignty and viewed them as a local resource for their own.

Which countries took the biggest pieces of Africa, and why?

Britain and France because they were the most strongest European Powers at the times.

Explain how colonisation occurs

The process of taking over another country’s land and people is called colonization. When countries colonize another country, they take colonies to become part of their empire.

How many colonies was Africa divided up into?

46 colonies

What did King Leopold II of Belgium think of Africa and why

A delicious cake because it could easily be cut up into different parts so all the European powers could have a slice.

Give 7 points on how to read a historical cartoon.

1) Cartoons need to be studied VERY CAREFULLY

2) Historical cartoons are not necessarily funny but rather satire

3) Cartoonists draw pictures to make a point.

on an issue point.

4) Cartoons are a useful source of info for historians, as their drawings show a particular point of view at a particular time in history

5) It can be difficult to understand the message of the cartoon, especially if you don’t understand the history of the time in which they were created

6) Cartoonists do not show actual events. Cartoons are symbols that have meanings you’re expected to understand.

7) A historic cartoon is not a ‘comic strip.’ It doesn’t show a running series of drawings that tell an ongoing story.