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What are the major functions of the human nervous system?
Movement, thinking, speech, taste, perception of pain, and perception of temperature.
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater (external), arachnoid mater (intermediate), pia mater (internal).
What is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Integrating and command center for the body.
What is the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A communication system linking all parts of the body to the CNS via nerves.
What percentage of brain volume does the cerebrum occupy?
83%.
What is the average weight of the human brain?
Approximately 1.5 kg.
What are the two basic types of nerve tissue cells?
Neurons (nerve cells) and support cells (glial cells).
What is the function of astrocytes?
Provide structural support and regional metabolism in the nervous system.
What distinguishes grey matter from white matter in the nervous system?
Grey matter contains neuron cell bodies, while white matter consists of axons.
What is the filum terminale?
A fibrous extension from the conus medullaris to the coccyx.
What does the term 'cauda equina' refer to?
A collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal.
Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) located?
In the large subarachnoid space between the meninges.
What is the significance of the dorsal and ventral roots in the spinal cord?
Dorsal roots carry sensory impulses to the cord, while ventral roots transmit axons to effector organs.
What can spinal cord injuries result in regarding motor function?
Paralysis or loss of motor function depending on the injury level.
What are the consequences of C1-C4 spinal cord injuries?
High tetraplegia, impacting all four limbs.
What is the main supportive function of the dura mater?
Providing main support and protection for the brain.
What is the falx cerebri?
A dural fold that lies in the median sagittal plane and partially separates the cerebral hemispheres.
What is the tentorium cerebelli?
A dural fold that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
What happens to the vertebral column and spinal cord after birth?
The vertebral column grows faster than the spinal cord.
How many pairs of spinal nerves are present in the human body?
31 pairs.
What is the consequence of spinal cord damage?
It can lead to paralysis and sensory loss, depending on the injury's location.
What is the function of ependymal cells?
They are involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.
What happens to grey and white matter in the cerebrum of extremely premature babies?
There is a loss of both grey and white matter.
What is the significance of knowing lecture material before lab classes?
It enhances understanding and performance during practical tests.
Which areas do the cervical nerves innervate?
The upper limbs.
What is the spinal cord's relationship to the conus medullaris?
The spinal cord ends at the conus medullaris, which is the tapered end of the spinal column.
What might cause enlargement of the subdural space?
Bleeding, which may result in subdural hemorrhage.
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