Chapter 24 - Nutrients, Metabolism, and Energy
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53 Terms
The nutrient used almost exclusively for ATP production is
glucose
3 multiple choice options
The liver produces about __________ of blood cholesterol.
85%
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?
Linoleic acid
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a lipid that is NOT used for energy?
Cholesterol
3 multiple choice options
A negative nitrogen balance would be present in which situation?
Starvation
3 multiple choice options
Which vitamin in extreme excess causes liver damage?
Niacin
3 multiple choice options
Most vitamins are used as ________.
Coenzymes
3 multiple choice options
This mineral is widely distributed in our plasma and tissue fluid (extracellular fluid).
Sodium
3 multiple choice options
This mineral is the most abundant mineral in the human body.
Calcium
3 multiple choice options
All of the following foods are rich in minerals EXCEPT ________.
Olive oil
3 multiple choice options
The primary function of cellular respiration is ________.
to produce ATP
3 multiple choice options
The ends product of glycolysis is ________.
Pyruvic acid
Which of the following occurs in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
What is the four carbon molecule that starts the citric acid cycle?
Oxaloacetic acid
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following statements is FALSE in regard to redox reactions?
reduced substances lose energy.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main processes that occurs during protein metabolism?
Beta oxidation
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following are lipids that are routinely used for energy?
Triglycerides
3 multiple choice options
Glucose molecules are combined to form glycogen in a process called _______.
Glycogenesis
3 multiple choice options
What is the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules called?
Gluconeogenesis
3 multiple choice options
All of the following are pathways of glucose catabolism EXCEPT _________.
Gluconeogenesis
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a product of catabolism?
heat
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a substance that transports cholesterol to the liver for degradation?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
3 multiple choice options
Insulin promotes all of the following EXCEPT ______.
gluconeogenesis
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is the critical factor influencing BMR?
body surface area
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following substances does NOT suppress appetite and increase satiety?
Neuropeptide Y
3 multiple choice options
An excess of this nutrient has been linked to bone loss.
Protein
3 multiple choice options
An ______ nutrient is one that the body cannot synthesize rapidly enough to be useful.
essential
3 multiple choice options
What is a good source of unsaturated fats?
Nuts
3 multiple choice options
It is possible for vegetarians to obtain complete proteins by combining _______ and ______.
legumes; cereal grains
3 multiple choice options
The major metabolic function for most vitamins is that they assist enzymes by serving as ______.
coenzymes
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following minerals is required in moderate amounts (>200mg per day)?
Magnesium
3 multiple choice options
In general metabolic terms, food digestion is a form of ______, while building new protein molecules is a form of ______.
catabolism; anabolism
3 multiple choice options
ATP produced during the Krebs cycle is formed by what mechanism?
Substrate level phosphorylation
3 multiple choice options
What is true function of molecular oxygen acquired by the lungs?
O2 serves as the final electron acceptor for the oxidation of food molecules.
3 multiple choice options
Predict what would happen to ATP production if a virus pierced holes in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
ATP production would decrease because a hydrogen ion gradient could not be established.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following processes is likely to occur in the skeletal muscle cells while sprinting?
Glycolysis
3 multiple choice options
Why don’t the electrons carried by NADH in the cytosol generate as many ATP as the electrons carried by NADH in the mitochondrial matrix?
The cytosolic electrons must be shuttled to the matrix at a loss of energy.
3 multiple choice options
The process whereby excess glucose is stored in cells is called _______.
glycogenesis
3 multiple choice options
Why isn’t it sufficient to reduce only dietary fat intake to prevent new fatty deposits from forming in the body?
Acetyl CoA is a starting point for fatty acid synthesis.
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following molecules is produced in the process of detoxifying harmful ammonia?
Urea
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary process by which insulin is released after ingesting a meal?
Insulin is secreted in direct response to blood glucose.
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary objective during the postabsorptive state?
To maintain blood glucose at around 70-110 mg/100 ml blood
3 multiple choice options
Where are the two primary sources of glucose during the postabsorptive state?
Liver and skeletal muscle
3 multiple choice options
Hyperglycemic hormones include glucagon and _______.
epinephrine
3 multiple choice options
About _______ of the body’s required cholesterol is dietary.
15%
3 multiple choice options
Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered “good”?
The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for destruction.
3 multiple choice options
When the body is at rest, which of the following accounts for about 20-30% of heat generation?
Skeletal muscle
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following structures is responsible for feeding behavior?
hypothalamus
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following factors is responsible for regulation of food intake?
all of the above
3 multiple choice options
The basal metabolic rate can most effectively be defined as the _______.
amount of energy needed to maintain life
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following has the greatest effect on the BMR?
Body surface area
3 multiple choice options
Of the following heat-promoting mechanisms, which appears to be most effective in adults?
shivering
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is not a cause of the low metabolic rate typical of the elderly?
The liver has become more efficient in detoxification
3 multiple choice options
Note 
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