bio - cell transport + diffusion/osmosis

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homeostasis

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30 Terms

1

homeostasis

the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between elements

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2

diffusion

a physical process where molecules of material move from an area of high concentration (many molecules) to an area of low concentration (fewer molecules).

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3

osmosis

The movement of water into or out of the cell (HIGH to LOW concentration)

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4

facilitated diffusion

when a protein helps move specific molecules across the membrane (transports larger or charged molecules)

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5

passive transport

simple diffusion, no energy required to move molecules (HIGH to LOW concentration across the bilayer)

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6

active transport

the cell uses energy to transport large molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration

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7

cell transport

The movement of substances across the cell membrane to either in or out of the cell.

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8

isotonic

in the middle, equal (salt) concentration (moves in both directions)

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9

hypertonic

much more salty compared to the cell (water diffuses OUT - cell looks shriveled up) - (HIGHER to LOWER concentration)

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10

hypotonic

much more watery compared to the cell (water diffuses IN - cell looks v. thicc) - (LOWER to HIGHER concentration)

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11

plasma membrane

controls the movement of molecules into or out of the cell (made up of lipids and proteins -- see the Fluid Mosaic Model)

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12

absorption

materials enter the cell

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13

circulation

materials are moved throughout the cell

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14

cyclosis

the circulation of the cytoplasm

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15

cholesterol

gives the membrane a more rigid structure

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16

proteins

Integral/transmembrane proteins are embedded in the bilayer

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17

carbohydrates

may function in a cell’s ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another (Cell to Cell Recognition)

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18

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

three types of passive transport

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19

molecules able to diffuse

nonpolar molecules and polar molecules that are small enough to fit through the selectively permeable membrane

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20

dynamic equilibrium

molecules that become evenly distributed - the molecules are still in motion, but the same number of molecules move in one direction as in the opposite.

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21

osmoregulation

the control of the levels of water and mineral salts in body fluids to maintain homeostasis -- keeps the body’s fluids from becoming too dilute or too concentrated

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22

protein pumps

transport proteins that require energy to work

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23

endocytosis

forming vesicles to bring molecules into a cell

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24

phagocytosis

“cellular eating”. false limb-like structures (pseudopods) are formed and the particle is engulfed and digested within a lysosome

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25

receptor-mediated endocytosis

a type of endocytosis where specific molecules are ingested into the cell. the molecules bind to the receptor ONLY IF the shapes match.

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26

exocytosis

intracellular vesicle moves to the plasma membrane and fuses with it to spill the contents outside of the cell

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27

transport proteins

help to move molecules in or out

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28

receptor proteins

attract specific molecules to the membrane to initiate transport

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29

how do organisms function?

bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. in plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called turgor pressure.

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30

pinocytosis

“cell drinking”. dissolved materials are taken in when the cell membrane dips inward and pinches off to form a vesicle around it.

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