Neurons, Glial Cells, etc.

astrocytes CNS

support, regulate ions, exchange materials between neurons and capillary

• form star shape and maintain blood-brain barrier (protection!)

microglial CNS

defense against invading microorganisms (primary immune cell)

• small, ovoid shape with tiny processes

ependymal CNS

created secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

oligodendrocytes CNS

wrap and insulate, for myelin sheath

satellite PNS

surround neuron cell bodies (structure and metabolic support)

schwann PNS

insulate, help form myelin sheath

multipolar

3 or more processes; 1 axon + bunch of dendrites

bipolar

1 axon, 1 dendrite (found in retina)

unipolar

1 process (found in sensory receptors)

nuclei

clusters of neurons in brain/spinal cord in CNS

ganglia

clusters of neurons in the PNS

tracts

bundles of neurons in CNS

effector

target organ or gland of a neural stimulus has its activity changed

anterograde

away from the neuron cell body on axon

retrograde

toward the neuron cell body (backwards up the axon)

myelinated neuron fibers

white matter

unmyelinated nueron fibers

gray matter

noradrenaline

concentration and focus (constricts blood vessels to brain for blood flow)

serotonin

well-being (lexapro, zolaf)

gaba

calming focus and motor control and vision

ach

learning, thoughts, and memory; awakening/alertness

glutamate

memory

endorphins

euphoria (being okay)

interneurons

relay info from one to another

saltatory conduction

normal conduction down a myelinated axon when an impulse is traveling form node to node