Unit 2 History Test

Benjamin Franklin

Founding Father, inventor, and diplomat during the American Revolution

Continental Army

The unified army formed by the Second Continental Congress in 1775

Anti-Federalist

Opponent of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Royal Proclamation of 1763

British law that prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established the federal court system and the Supreme Court

Republicanism

Political ideology supporting a republic as the best form of government

Stamp Act

Tax on printed materials in the American colonies, leading to protests

Articles of Confederation

First constitution of the United States, emphasizing state sovereignty

Federalism

Political system with shared power between national and state governments

Judicial Review

Power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws

House of Burgesses

First elected legislative assembly in the American colonies

Missouri Compromise

Agreement to maintain the balance of free and slave states

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. policy opposing European interference in the Americas

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring America's independence from Britain

Boston Tea Party

Protest against British taxation by dumping tea into Boston Harbor

Treaty of Paris

Ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized U.S. independence

War of 1812

Conflict between the U.S. and Britain over trade and impressment

Lexington and Concord

First battles of the American Revolution in Massachusetts

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic incident between the U.S. and France, leading to an undeclared naval war

Marbury v Madison

Landmark Supreme Court case establishing judicial review

Louisiana Purchase

U.S. acquisition of territory from France, doubling the country's size

George Washington

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution

William Pitt

The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war.

Samuel Adams

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty in Boston and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

John Locke

English philosopher who believed that government powers are come from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; that people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.

John Hancock

Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.

Iroquois Confederacy

An alliance of five northeastern Native peoples (after 1722 six) that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied first with the Dutch and later with the English

Neolin

A Delaware religious prophet whose teachings contributed to Pontiac's Rebellion.

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence, 3rd President of the United States

John Jay

1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated with British for Washington

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. - Strong Federalist

James Madison

"Father of the Constitution," author of the Bill of Rights, Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

Patrick Henry

a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies "give me liberty or give me death"

James Otis

No taxation without representation

Henry Clay

A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises, including the Missouri Compromise

War Hawks

Those who were eager for war with Britain leading up to the War of 1812 (mostly from the West and South)

Plan of Union

Ben Franklin proposes an intercolonial assembly at the Albany Congress but no one else is on board - first time that a plan of unity is suggested

Sugar Act

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on sugar imported by the colonies

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Non - Importation Movement

a widespread colonial boycott of British goods

Townshend Revenue Acts

Acts of Parliament, passed in 1767, imposing taxes on colonial tea, lead, paint, paper, and glass.

Tea Act

Tax on tea being imported into the colonies

The Intolerable Act

series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Boston for the Tea Party

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Federalist

supporters of the Constitution

Anti-Federalist

people who opposed the Constitution

Continental Army

the American army during the American Revolution

Judicial Review

Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws

Articles of Confederation

1st form of government of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

Democratic Republicans

Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank

Sedition Act

Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, gauranteed by the First Amednment.

Seven Years War

(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions.

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

1st Constitutional Convention

Constitutional Convention definition. The gathering that drafted the Constitution of the United States in 1787; all states were invited to send delegates. The convention, meeting in Philadelphia, designed a government with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Whiskey Rebellion

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Shay's Rebellion

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

Treaty of Greenville

Gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory.

Treaty of Paris

agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country