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General formula of an aldehyde
R-CHO
Functional group largely responsible for aldehydes and ketones properties
Carbonyl group
Color precipitate with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reacting with aldehydes/ketones
Red-orange
Product of aldehydes/methyl ketones with sodium bisulfite
Crystalline bisulfite addition product
Test for differentiating aldehydes and ketones with a silver mirror
Tollen's test
Color change in a positive Fehling's test result
Dark blue to brick-red
Aldehydes detected using Fehling's test
Aliphatic
Test for detecting methyl ketones and acetone in urine
Sodium Nitroprusside Test
Color indicating a positive result in sodium nitroprusside test for methyl ketones
Bright red
Positive result of iodoform test for methyl ketones
Yellow crystalline precipitate
Compounds giving a positive result in the acetyl group test
Ketones
Basis of the Molisch test
Dehydration of saccharide by strong acid
Compound forming a violet ring in the Molisch test
Furfural
Common functional group in aldehydes, ketones, and monosaccharides
Carbonyl group
Simplest group of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
General test for carbohydrates
Molisch test
Product of saccharide dehydration in Molisch test
Furfural
Color precipitate at the junction of two liquids in Molisch test
Violet
Alcohol oxidized to an acetyl group
Isopropyl Alcohol
Compound used in preparing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
Test detecting carbonyl group with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
Test A1
Observation to determine a precipitate in 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test
Time required for precipitation
Compound used in sodium bisulfite test
Acetaldehyde
Indicator of a positive result in sodium bisulfite test
Formation of a precipitate
Specific test for detecting aldehydes
Test B1
Purpose of Schiff's test
Detection of aldehydes
Formation on the inner surface in Tollen's test
Shiny substance
Color precipitate in Fehling's test for aldehydes
Red
Specific test for detecting methyl ketones
Test C2
Color change in sodium nitroprusside test for methyl ketones
Colorless to red
Positive result in iodoform test
Formation of a yellow precipitate
Purpose of special test for benzaldehyde
Detection of aldehydes
General test for carbohydrates
Test E1
Observation at the interface of two liquids in Molisch test
Color in the interface
Purpose of inclining the test tube in Molisch test
To allow layers to form
Compound used in Molisch test
Glucose
Test for detecting carbonyl group with sodium bisulfite
Test A2
Color developed in Schiff's test for aldehydes
Purple
Observation in Tollen's test for aldehydes
Shiny substance on the inner surface
Color precipitate in Fehling's test for aldehydes
Red
Note 
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