Exp-15-ALDEHYDES & KETONES

General formula of an aldehyde

R-CHO

Functional group largely responsible for aldehydes and ketones properties

Carbonyl group

Color precipitate with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reacting with aldehydes/ketones

Red-orange

Product of aldehydes/methyl ketones with sodium bisulfite

Crystalline bisulfite addition product

Test for differentiating aldehydes and ketones with a silver mirror

Tollen's test

Color change in a positive Fehling's test result

Dark blue to brick-red

Aldehydes detected using Fehling's test

Aliphatic

Test for detecting methyl ketones and acetone in urine

Sodium Nitroprusside Test

Color indicating a positive result in sodium nitroprusside test for methyl ketones

Bright red

Positive result of iodoform test for methyl ketones

Yellow crystalline precipitate

Compounds giving a positive result in the acetyl group test

Ketones

Basis of the Molisch test

Dehydration of saccharide by strong acid

Compound forming a violet ring in the Molisch test

Furfural

Common functional group in aldehydes, ketones, and monosaccharides

Carbonyl group

Simplest group of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

General test for carbohydrates

Molisch test

Product of saccharide dehydration in Molisch test

Furfural

Color precipitate at the junction of two liquids in Molisch test

Violet

Alcohol oxidized to an acetyl group

Isopropyl Alcohol

Compound used in preparing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

Test detecting carbonyl group with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

Test A1

Observation to determine a precipitate in 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test

Time required for precipitation

Compound used in sodium bisulfite test

Acetaldehyde

Indicator of a positive result in sodium bisulfite test

Formation of a precipitate

Specific test for detecting aldehydes

Test B1

Purpose of Schiff's test

Detection of aldehydes

Formation on the inner surface in Tollen's test

Shiny substance

Color precipitate in Fehling's test for aldehydes

Red

Specific test for detecting methyl ketones

Test C2

Color change in sodium nitroprusside test for methyl ketones

Colorless to red

Positive result in iodoform test

Formation of a yellow precipitate

Purpose of special test for benzaldehyde

Detection of aldehydes

General test for carbohydrates

Test E1

Observation at the interface of two liquids in Molisch test

Color in the interface

Purpose of inclining the test tube in Molisch test

To allow layers to form

Compound used in Molisch test

Glucose

Test for detecting carbonyl group with sodium bisulfite

Test A2

Color developed in Schiff's test for aldehydes

Purple

Observation in Tollen's test for aldehydes

Shiny substance on the inner surface

Color precipitate in Fehling's test for aldehydes

Red