Nursing 101 Final Exam (fluids, electrolytes)

sodium

135-145

potassium

3.5-5.0

calcium

8.6-10.2

magnesium

1.3-2.3

chloride

97-107

phosphate

2.5-4.5

pH

7.35 - 7.45

PCO2 normal range

35-45

HCO3 normal range

22 - 26

respiratory acidosis

low pH, high PCO2

metabolic acidosis

pH is low ; HCO3 is low

metabolic alkalosis

high pH, high HCO3

respiratory alkalosis

ph is high ; PCO2 is low

pH less than 7.35

acidosis

pH more than 7.45

alkalosis

PaCO2 less than 35

alkalosis (its going opposite direction from pH with acidosis and the numbers are switched around)

PaCO2 more than 45

acidosis (its going opposite direction from pH with acidosis and the numbers are switched around)

HCO3 less than 22

acidosis

HCO3 more than 26

alkalosis

Hyponatremia

less than 135 mEq/L

Hypernatremia

more than 145 mEq/L

Hypokalemia

less than 3.5 mEq/L

Hyperkalemia

more than 5.0 mEq/L

Hypocalcemia

less than 8.6 mg/dL

Hypercalcemia

more than 10.2 mg/dL

Hypomagnesemia

less than 1.3

Hypermagnesemia

more than 2.3 mEq/L

Hypochloremia

less than 97

Hyperchloremia

more than 107 mEq/L

Hypophosphatemia

less than 2.5 mg/dL

Hyperphosphatemia

more than 45 mg/dL