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Metal reaction with water
Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
Metal reaction with oxygen
Metal oxide
Metal reaction with acid
Salt + hydrogen
Salts
salt:
Nitric acid= nitrate
Sulfuric acid= sulfate
Hydrochloric acid= chloride
Phytomining + pros & cons
Phytomining uses plants to extract copper from soils containing low grade copper ore.
Advantages: uses low grade ores, reduces open cast mining, photosynthesis uptakes CO2. Disadvantages: Relatively energy intensive.
Reactivity Series of Metals
Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Lead, Hydrogen, Copper, Silver, Gold
Cations & Anions
Cations: positively charged ions
Anions: negatively charged ions
Displacement reaction
Displacement reaction: when a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal to form a compound
Metal ore
Most metals are found as metal ores
A metal ore is a rock that contains enough metal to be economically viable to extract
Most ores are metal oxides (bonded with oxygen)
No need for extraction
Silver, gold, and platinum are unreactive so they are found in their native state
How to extract the metal from ore
Too extract the metal from the ore, oxygen has to be removed this is known as reduction
Metals below carbon are extracted by heating with carbon
Metals more reactive than carbon are extracted using electrolysis
Reduction & Oxidation
Oxidation is loss of electrons, gain of oxygen. Reduction is gain of electrons, loss of oxygen
Advantages of Recycling Metals
Takes less energy
Conserves finite resources
Cuts down on waste
Lowers financial cost
Less impact on the environment
Disadvantages of Recycling Metals
They have to be sorted and separated (cost time and money)
Energy is needed to collect, transport, and recycle the metals (less than extraction tho)
Bioleaching
Bioleaching uses bacteria to extract copper from low grade ore.
Advantages: Highly efficient, less energy intensive, cost-effective. Disadvantages: very slow, may contain toxic waste.
