HSCI 130 Final Exam

What is CUPPA?

Comprehensiveness, Universality, Public administration, Portability, Acessibility

Define comprehensiveness

All medical necessary services from the hospital are covered

Define universality

All insured people must be given care on uniform terms and conditions

Define public administration

Service is operated on non profit basis by public authority

Define portability

Access to services when out of province

Define accessibility

Access without restrictions like money

When was first hospital insurance plan

1947

Which province initiated the first hospital insurance plan

Saskatchewan

When was medicine available everywhere in Canada

1972

When was the Canadian health act published

1984

What is the Canadian health act

Criteria for provinces to receive federal support of extra billing and user fees

How much money does Canada spend on healthcare

334 billion dollars

How much of British Columbia’s budget is spent on healthcare

43%

What is DDH

14% of bc money goes to drugs, 14% to doctors, 25% to hospitals

What is the Pac-Man argument

Health care is eating up resources like money

Where is HIV mostly located

Sub-Saharan Africa

How many people are living with HIV

39 million

How may children are living with HIV

1.5 million

Where are tuberculosis cases mostly located

South east Asia

Population of world with TB

25%

How many people with TB will become sick

5-10%

Highest incidence rate for TB

Africa

How many new cases of TB

10.6 million

How many people died from TB

1.3 million

What is the healthy immigrant effect

Immigrants to Canada arrive healthy and then see health deteriorate

What is a false negative

Person that tests negative but has disease

What region has highest incidence of TB

Africa

What are antibodies

Tag pathogens for destruction by immune system

What are CD4 T cells

Cells that HIV targets and kills

What is the formula for incidence rate

New cases/person time

What is the top reason people seek formal healthcare in Canada

Chronic pain

What is iatrogenesis

Concept that describes illness caused by medical intervention

What is the risk taking hypothesis

Hypothesis that explains why men are more likely to die from accidents

What was the primary cause of the 1848 typhus incident

Lack of democracy

What is symbolic interactionism

Understanding a person definition and situation

What is cumulative incidence

Proportion of population disease during a specific time

What is the salutogenic model of health

Describes the factors that make populations healthy

Which epidemiologist discovered the source of cholera outbreak

John snow

Who discovered reason of pellagra outbreak

Joseph Goldberger

Whic epidemiologist found the reason for stress

Hans Selye

Percent of bc people without family doctor

17-22%

Where was Medicare born

Saskatchewan

What is BAFNAF

Balance, adaptability, function, normality, absence of disease, fitness

What is adaptability

Able to deal with life challenges

What is function

Ability to work

What is SMMRP

Specific etiology, mind body dualism, machine metaphor, regimen, physical reductionism

What is specific etiology

Every disease has a cause and treatment

Wha is mind body dualism

Mind and body are seperate factors

What is machine metaphor

Body is machine made of processes like genes

What is regimen

We can discipline our bodies like exercise

What is physical reductionism

Examine parts individually to gain understanding

What are the rights of a sick person

Exempt from being blamed for being ill, exempt from regular responsibilities

Duties of a sick person

Try to get better, seek treatment

Criticism of the sick role

Focused on physical factors and acute illness

Define androcentric

Focused on men

Feminist paradigm

Female pov on historical oppression of women in patriarchy

Example of downstream

Focuses on people who already have diabetes

Example of upstream

How do people get diabetes, provides education to people at risk

What does the prevention paradox say

Majority of cases come from people who are low at risk

Formula for prevalence

Total cases/population

Example of primordial prevention

Health education

Example of primary prevention

Vaccines

Example of secondary prevention

Screening

Example of tertiary prevention

Rehabilitation

Formula for cumulative incidence

New cases/population at risk at beginning of period

Formula for incidence rate

New cases/person time

Define endemic

Continuous cases like flu

Define epidemic

Outbreak of disease in localized group

Define pandemic

Endemic that spread to rest of world

Define materialist

Emphasize the material conditions under which people live

What is differential exposure hypothesis

People who deal with more stress are more likely to have poorer health

Define neo materialist

Health is affected by the level of funding invested in social infrastructure

Define cultural behaviour

Poor health is a result of bad coping like drinking to deal with issues

Define differential vulnerability hypothesis

Social class can affect health

Define phycosocial

Comparing self to others

Define hegemonic masculinity

How masculine men are supposed to behave

What is the role accumulation hypothesis

More roles result in better health, like women being wife mother and worker

Role strain hypothesis

Harmful effects of women’s roles, overload

Social acceptability hypothesis

Women admit being sick, men deny they are sick

Why do women live longer due for admitting to illness

Take health action and seek early treatment

Structural racism

Who gets what jobs

Ethnic stratification

Unequal distribution of wealth power or privilege based on ethnic groups

Racialization

People are categorized into social status based on race

Racism

Harmful treatment of group according to understanding of race

Ethnic density effect

Health benefits of living in neighborhood with others in same race

Personal determinants of health

Healthy lifestyle, coping skills

Structural determinants

Gender, ethnicity, age

Horizontal structures

Family environment that effects health

Vertical structures

Political policies that affect health

How do we measure health

LIPBM: Levels or cortisol, index of life events, perceived stress score, biological markers of stress, mental health

Define demand

Physiological demands of working person

Define control

Job conditions, control of schedule

High demand + low control

High strain

How much is needed to be in top 1% of income earners

512 000

Median income in 2020

54 200

Income inequality hypothesis

Bigger inequality in income, more social problems