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Genetic Drift
Random change in gene variant frequency.
Population Subdivision
Distinct genetic structures based on landscapes.
Gene Flow
Movement of genes between populations.
Small Populations
Experience stronger genetic drift effects.
Fixed Allele
Trait present in all individuals of a population.
Lost Allele
Trait absent in all individuals of a population.
Inbreeding
Mating among closely related individuals.
Bottleneck Effect
Population reduction leading to allele loss.
Nonrepresentative Alleles
Alleles not accurately reflecting original population.
Rare Alleles
Less common gene variants more likely to disappear.
Founder Effect
New population starts from a small group.
Colonization
Establishment of a population in a new area.
Note 
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