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renewable
A natural resource that can be replaced (by natural resources) at the same rate or faster than consumed
non-renewable
Cannot be replaced (by natural processes) at the same rate or faster than consumed
sustainable
Able to meet the energy demands of society now and in the future
unsustainable
Cannot meet the energy demands of society now and in the future
fuel
A substance that contains stored chemical energy that can be released relatively easily
biofuel
a fuel derived from recently living organic matter.
Anaerobic
a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen
Biodiesel
A fuel derived from vegetable oil or animal fat, consisting of long-chain methyl esters.
Bioethanol
Ethanol that is made by fermenting the sugar and starch components of plants using yeast.
Biogas
A mixture of gases (methane and carbon dioxide) produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
energy efficiency
The percentage of total energy that is converted into the desired form of energy.
energy
The ability to do work or cause change
Enhanced greenhouse gas effect
An increase in temperature of the Earth's surface due to an increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as a result of human activity
fossil fuel
A fuel that is produced from ancient plants, animals and microorganisms that have been buried under rock, mud and sand for millions of years.
Fractional distillation
the separation of components of a mixture based on their boiling points, which is indicative of their chain lengths
Fracking
the process of injecting water, sand and chemicals at high pressure into coal or rock to fracture it and release trapped natural gas
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
Mixture of liquefied propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) gas removed from natural gas and used as a fuel.
carbon neutral
A process that absorbs the same amount of carbon as it generates. The carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere by a carbon neutral process compensates for the carbon dioxide produced by the process.
Photosynthesis
the chemical process by which oxygen and glucose are produced in plant cells in the presence of UV light
combustion reaction
a chemical change in which an element or a fuel reacts with oxygen, often producing carbon dioxide, water and energy in the form of heat
System
the chemical reaction
surroundings
everything outside the system that can exchange energy and/or matter with the system
exothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings
endothermic reaction
a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings
thermochemical equation
a balanced chemical equation that includes the amount of heat produced or absorbed during the reaction
Energy profile diagram
A diagram that shows the energy changes during the course of a reaction.
Enthalpy
the chemical energy of a substance
enthalpy change
the amount of energy absorbed or lost by a system (chemical reaction) as heat
activation energy (Ea)
the minimum amount of energy required to break bonds in the reactants and initiate a chemical reaction
Complete combustion
A combustion reaction in which the only products are carbon dioxide and water
Incomplete combustion
The process by which a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen to produce carbon monoxide (CO) and water as products
heat of combustion
the energy released as heat by the complete combustion of one mole of a substance
Energy density of a fuel
the ratio of the energy released from the fuel to the volume of the fuel consumed
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
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