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Mycelium
A visible Fungi with hyphae lacking cross walls (septa).
Coenocytic fungi
that lack septa in their hyphae, allowing for a continuous cytoplasmic mass.
Phialide
Specialized conidiogenous cell from which conidia are formed.
Conidiophore
The specialized stalk that bears the conidia.
Yeast
Unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding.
Dimorphic fungi
Fungi that switch between yeast and mold forms depending on environmental conditions.
Ergosterol
Sterol found in fungal cell membranes.
Arthrospores
Asexual spore with hyphal segments that are formed by the fragmentation of hyphae.
Chlamydospore
Thick-walled asexual spore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment.
Conidia (conidiospores)
Free and unprotected asexual spores.
Sporangiospores
Asexual spores formed in a sac (sporangium).
Chytridium olla
Unicellular
Ascomycota
Sac fungi.
Saccharomyces
Yeast used in baking
Aspergillus oryzae
Used in fermentation of rice to make sake.
Candida albicans
Common human pathogen causing yeast infections.
Basidiomycota
Club fungi (mushrooms).
Ustilago maydis
Maize pathogen (corn smut).
Amanita spp.
Includes poisonous mushrooms; produces amatoxins.
Trichosporon cutaneum
Causes white piedra; a yeast under Basidiomycota.
Glomeromycota
Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots; mutualistic symbionts; reproduce asexually.
Lichens
Symbiotic association of fungi (mostly Ascomycota) with algae or cyanobacteria.
Penicillium chrysogenum
Produces penicillin.
Agaricus bisporus
Most commonly consumed mushroom.
Volvariella volvacea
Straw mushroom.
Flammulina spp. (Enokitake)
Edible mushroom.
Piedraia hortae
Causes black piedra; affects hair shaft.
Trichosporon cutaneum
Causes white piedra; affects skin and hair.
Subcutaneous mycoses
Fungal infections of the dermis and underlying tissues.
Madurella mycetomatis
Madurella grisea
Coccidioides immitis
Causes coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever).
Histoplasma capsulatum
Causes histoplasmosis.
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Causes paracoccidioidomycosis.
Conocybe
Galerina
Claviceps spp.
Produce ergot alkaloids (e.g.
Fungi
Eukaryotic
Mycology
The study of fungi.
Mycoses
Diseases caused by fungi.
Hyphae
Tubular
Septate fungi
Fungi with hyphae divided by cross walls (septa).
Conidia
Asexual spores found at the tip of hyphae.
Sexual spores
Include: Ascospores
Chytridiomycota
(chytrids) a primitive division of fungi that live in water and produce gametes with flagella.
Zygomycota
Phylum of common molds.
Rhizopus stolonifer
Black bread mold; has rhizoids; used industrially in steroid and chemical production.
Pilobolus spp.
Known for ejecting spores into the air.
Penicillium
Source of penicillin; used in antibiotic production.
Agaricus spp.
Common edible mushroom.
Cryptococcus neoformans
Causes respiratory illness and meningitis.
Deuteromycota
Imperfect fungi.
Trichophyton spp.
Cause athlete's foot and ringworm.
Aspergillus niger
Common food contaminant; imperfect fungus.
Ciclosporin
Immunosuppressant from fungi used in transplant surgery.
Fusidic acid
Antibiotic used against Staphylococcus aureus.
Agaricus subrufescens
Ganoderma lucidum
Lentinula edodes (Shiitake)
Produces lentinan
Pleurotus ostreatus
Oyster mushroom.
Superficial mycoses
Fungal infections affecting outer skin layers.
Cutaneous Mycoses
Fungal disease that affects hair
Microsporum spp.
Trichophyton spp.
Sporothrix schenckii
Causes sporotrichosis; can disseminate via lymphatic system.
Systemic mycoses
Fungal infections affecting internal organs.
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Causes blastomycosis.
Mycelium
A visible
Coenocytic fungi
Fungi with hyphae lacking cross walls (septa).
Phialide
Specialized conidiogenous cell from which conidia are formed.
Conidiophore
The specialized stalk that bears the conidia.
Yeast
Unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding.
Dimorphic fungi
Fungi that switch between yeast and mold forms depending on environmental conditions.
Ergosterol
Sterol found in fungal cell membranes.
Arthrospores
Asexual spore with hyphal segments that are formed by the fragmentation of hyphae.
Chlamydospore
Thick-walled asexual spore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment.
Conidia (conidiospores)
Free and unprotected asexual spores.
Sporangiospores
Asexual spores formed in a sac (sporangium).
Chytridium olla
Unicellular
Ascomycota
Sac fungi.
Saccharomyces
Yeast used in baking
Aspergillus oryzae
Used in fermentation of rice to make sake.
Candida albicans
Common human pathogen causing yeast infections.
Basidiomycota
Club fungi (mushrooms).
Ustilago maydis
Maize pathogen (corn smut).
Amanita spp.
Includes poisonous mushrooms; produces amatoxins.
Trichosporon cutaneum
Causes white piedra; a yeast under Basidiomycota.
Glomeromycota
Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots; mutualistic symbionts; reproduce asexually.
Lichens
Symbiotic association of fungi (mostly Ascomycota) with algae or cyanobacteria.
Penicillium chrysogenum
Produces penicillin.
Agaricus bisporus
Most commonly consumed mushroom.
Volvariella volvacea
Straw mushroom.
Flammulina spp. (Enokitake)
Edible mushroom.
Piedraia hortae
Causes black piedra; affects hair shaft.
Trichosporon cutaneum
Causes white piedra; affects skin and hair.
Subcutaneous mycoses
Fungal infections of the dermis and underlying tissues.
Madurella mycetomatis
Madurella grisea
Coccidioides immitis
Causes coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever).
Histoplasma capsulatum
Causes histoplasmosis.
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Causes paracoccidioidomycosis.
Conocybe
Galerina
Claviceps spp.
Produce ergot alkaloids (e.g.