FUNGI

Mycelium

A visible Fungi with hyphae lacking cross walls (septa).

Coenocytic fungi

that lack septa in their hyphae, allowing for a continuous cytoplasmic mass.

Phialide

Specialized conidiogenous cell from which conidia are formed.

Conidiophore

The specialized stalk that bears the conidia.

Yeast

Unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding.

Dimorphic fungi

Fungi that switch between yeast and mold forms depending on environmental conditions.

Ergosterol

Sterol found in fungal cell membranes.

Arthrospores

Asexual spore with hyphal segments that are formed by the fragmentation of hyphae.

Chlamydospore

Thick-walled asexual spore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment.

Conidia (conidiospores)

Free and unprotected asexual spores.

Sporangiospores

Asexual spores formed in a sac (sporangium).

Chytridium olla

Unicellular

Ascomycota

Sac fungi.

Saccharomyces

Yeast used in baking

Aspergillus oryzae

Used in fermentation of rice to make sake.

Candida albicans

Common human pathogen causing yeast infections.

Basidiomycota

Club fungi (mushrooms).

Ustilago maydis

Maize pathogen (corn smut).

Amanita spp.

Includes poisonous mushrooms; produces amatoxins.

Trichosporon cutaneum

Causes white piedra; a yeast under Basidiomycota.

Glomeromycota

Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots; mutualistic symbionts; reproduce asexually.

Lichens

Symbiotic association of fungi (mostly Ascomycota) with algae or cyanobacteria.

Penicillium chrysogenum

Produces penicillin.

Agaricus bisporus

Most commonly consumed mushroom.

Volvariella volvacea

Straw mushroom.

Flammulina spp. (Enokitake)

Edible mushroom.

Piedraia hortae

Causes black piedra; affects hair shaft.

Trichosporon cutaneum

Causes white piedra; affects skin and hair.

Subcutaneous mycoses

Fungal infections of the dermis and underlying tissues.

Madurella mycetomatis

Madurella grisea

Coccidioides immitis

Causes coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever).

Histoplasma capsulatum

Causes histoplasmosis.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Causes paracoccidioidomycosis.

Conocybe

Galerina

Claviceps spp.

Produce ergot alkaloids (e.g.

Fungi

Eukaryotic

Mycology

The study of fungi.

Mycoses

Diseases caused by fungi.

Hyphae

Tubular

Septate fungi

Fungi with hyphae divided by cross walls (septa).

Conidia

Asexual spores found at the tip of hyphae.

Sexual spores

Include: Ascospores

Chytridiomycota

(chytrids) a primitive division of fungi that live in water and produce gametes with flagella.

Zygomycota

Phylum of common molds.

Rhizopus stolonifer

Black bread mold; has rhizoids; used industrially in steroid and chemical production.

Pilobolus spp.

Known for ejecting spores into the air.

Penicillium

Source of penicillin; used in antibiotic production.

Agaricus spp.

Common edible mushroom.

Cryptococcus neoformans

Causes respiratory illness and meningitis.

Deuteromycota

Imperfect fungi.

Trichophyton spp.

Cause athlete's foot and ringworm.

Aspergillus niger

Common food contaminant; imperfect fungus.

Ciclosporin

Immunosuppressant from fungi used in transplant surgery.

Fusidic acid

Antibiotic used against Staphylococcus aureus.

Agaricus subrufescens

Ganoderma lucidum

Lentinula edodes (Shiitake)

Produces lentinan

Pleurotus ostreatus

Oyster mushroom.

Superficial mycoses

Fungal infections affecting outer skin layers.

Cutaneous Mycoses

Fungal disease that affects hair

Microsporum spp.

Trichophyton spp.

Sporothrix schenckii

Causes sporotrichosis; can disseminate via lymphatic system.

Systemic mycoses

Fungal infections affecting internal organs.

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Causes blastomycosis.

Mycelium

A visible

Coenocytic fungi

Fungi with hyphae lacking cross walls (septa).

Phialide

Specialized conidiogenous cell from which conidia are formed.

Conidiophore

The specialized stalk that bears the conidia.

Yeast

Unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding.

Dimorphic fungi

Fungi that switch between yeast and mold forms depending on environmental conditions.

Ergosterol

Sterol found in fungal cell membranes.

Arthrospores

Asexual spore with hyphal segments that are formed by the fragmentation of hyphae.

Chlamydospore

Thick-walled asexual spore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment.

Conidia (conidiospores)

Free and unprotected asexual spores.

Sporangiospores

Asexual spores formed in a sac (sporangium).

Chytridium olla

Unicellular

Ascomycota

Sac fungi.

Saccharomyces

Yeast used in baking

Aspergillus oryzae

Used in fermentation of rice to make sake.

Candida albicans

Common human pathogen causing yeast infections.

Basidiomycota

Club fungi (mushrooms).

Ustilago maydis

Maize pathogen (corn smut).

Amanita spp.

Includes poisonous mushrooms; produces amatoxins.

Trichosporon cutaneum

Causes white piedra; a yeast under Basidiomycota.

Glomeromycota

Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plant roots; mutualistic symbionts; reproduce asexually.

Lichens

Symbiotic association of fungi (mostly Ascomycota) with algae or cyanobacteria.

Penicillium chrysogenum

Produces penicillin.

Agaricus bisporus

Most commonly consumed mushroom.

Volvariella volvacea

Straw mushroom.

Flammulina spp. (Enokitake)

Edible mushroom.

Piedraia hortae

Causes black piedra; affects hair shaft.

Trichosporon cutaneum

Causes white piedra; affects skin and hair.

Subcutaneous mycoses

Fungal infections of the dermis and underlying tissues.

Madurella mycetomatis

Madurella grisea

Coccidioides immitis

Causes coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever).

Histoplasma capsulatum

Causes histoplasmosis.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Causes paracoccidioidomycosis.

Conocybe

Galerina

Claviceps spp.

Produce ergot alkaloids (e.g.