Structural Kinesiology First Unit

Long bones

 humerus, fibula

Short bones

Carpals, tarsals

Flat bones

skull, scapula

Irregular bones

Pelvis, ethmoid, ear, ossicles

Sesamoid bones

Patella

Diaphysis

 Long cylindrical shaft

Cortex

Hard, dense compact bone forming walls oh diaphysis

Periosteum

Dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis

Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate)

Cartilage plate that separates diaphysis and epiphyses (NEED TO KNOW FOR TEST)

OsteoBLASTS

Cells that form new bone

OsteoCLASTS

Cells that resorb new bone

Wolff’s Law

Bones change their shape and grow stronger when you use them a lot and put pressure on them. Bone mass can also decrease over time when used very little or not at all. (Example: Someone bedridden for weeks. No pressure on bones creates the bones to slowly lose mass and become weaker).

Skeletal Functions?

1. Protection of heart,lungs,brain,etc.

2. Support to maintain posture

3. Movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles and acting as layers.

4. Mineral storage such as calcium and phosphorus

5. Hemopoiesis - in vertebral bodies, femurs, humerus, ribs and sternum - Process of blood cell formation in the red bone marrow.

Abduction

Moving a segment AWAY from the midline (Hint: ABDUCTion - Take away from the midline)

Adduction

Moving segment TOWARDS the midline of the body (Hint: ADDuction - add towards midline)

Enarthrodial

“Ball and Socket Joints” - One bone has a round end (like a ball) and the other bone has a cup shaped part (like a socket) .

Why is the Enarthrodial Joints called the Ball and Socket Joints?

The ball fits into the socket, letting the bone move in many directions

Examples of Enarthordial Joints

Shoulder joints and hip joints. These joints allow the most movement of any joint type like spinning, swinging and rotating.

Synarthrodial Joints

Immovable Joints - DOES NOT MOVE AT ALL

Example of Synarthrodial Joints

Skull

Amphairthordial Joints

Slightly movable joints, allows a slight amount of motion