psych exam 2 (erikson's stages)

trust vs mistrust (1)

0-18 months
babies learn wether or not they can trust that the world provides for their needs

autonomy vs shame and doubt (2)

18months-3years
use the word no alot

initiative vs guilt (3)

3-6yrs
ask “why?” a lot
want to understand the world

preschool age
may feel either curious or guilty when they take initiative

industry vs inferiority (4)

7-11yrs
school age

we expect to perform as well us the other kids in school or sports

if we are as good as the others we feel competent but if we are worse we feel inferiority

identity vs role confusion (5)

12-20 yrs

adolescence

person trys out different roles until they find the one for them

try to fit into groups in order to feel confident in their identities

intimacy vs isolation (6)

20-40

early adult

how much time we should spend with our families and how much time should we spend by ourselves?

generatively vs stagnation (7)

35-75

we try to ensure that our lives are going the way we want them to go

if they are not, we may try to change our identities or control those around us to change our lives

integrity vs despair (8)

60+

later adults

end of life, we look back at our accomplishments and decide if we are satisfied with them or not (or if we feel regret)

example of trust vs mistrust (1)

research shows that a parent who responds immediately to his or her child’s cries and demands demonstrates sensitivity to the child’s needs and therefore the child grows to demand less proximity and trusting as he or she grows older

example of autonomy vs shame and doubt (2)

a toddler allowed to feed themselves or pick clothes, building self-confidence

A child is scolded or shamed for having a toilet training accident, causing them to feel insecure about their bodily control.

example of initiative vs guilt (3)

A child attempts to pour their own milk, and despite a spill, the parent calmly helps them clean it up and praises the effort to be independent.

A child tries to paint a picture but makes a mess on the floor. A parent scolds them harshly, leading the child to feel guilty for trying to create.

example of industry vs inferiority

A child practices soccer, improves their skills, and feels proud to be part of the team.

A student struggles with math and, when parents or teachers do not offer help, begins to feel stupid.

example of identity vs role confusion

A teenager explores art, music, and computer science, eventually choosing to major in graphic design because it aligns with their newly discovered passion and values.

A teenager constantly changes friend groups, adopts temporary styles, and changes career aspirations weekly, feeling lost and unable to commit to a specific direction or set of beliefs

.

example of intimacy vs isolation

Sarah begins dating Mark. Because she is confident in her own identity, she doesn’t feel the need to change her personality to please him. She shares her feelings openly, supports his goals, and encourages him to have his own friends.

Mike starts a relationship, but because he lacks a stable sense of self, he becomes insecure and codependent. He adopts his girlfriend’s interests and values. Eventually, he feels overwhelmed and feels like he is "disappearing" into her.

example of generativity vs stagnation

Raising children or nurturing younger family members with care.

Focusing entirely on one's own comfort, neglecting the needs of others.

example of integrity vs despair

An 80-year-old looks back on their life, acknowledging both triumphs and failures, but feels satisfied, focusing on the meaningful connections they made, such as a loving family or fulfilling career, and feels a sense of peace with their legacy.

A 75-year-old feels profound regret over past career choices, missed chances to connect with their children, and views their life as a series of failures, resulting in depression, fear of death, and bitterness.